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Atp Synthase

The ATP synthase enzyme is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is similar in structure and mechanism to chloroplast and bacterial F-type ATPases and synthesizes ATP through chemiosmosis. The ATP synthase is a large enzyme complex composed of F1 and F0 components - F1 produces ATP using a chemical gradient generated by F0 transporting hydrogen ions across the membrane. Experiments isolating F1 and F0 components showed that both are required for ATP production, with F0 generating the proton gradient needed for F1 to synthesize ATP.

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40 views

Atp Synthase

The ATP synthase enzyme is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is similar in structure and mechanism to chloroplast and bacterial F-type ATPases and synthesizes ATP through chemiosmosis. The ATP synthase is a large enzyme complex composed of F1 and F0 components - F1 produces ATP using a chemical gradient generated by F0 transporting hydrogen ions across the membrane. Experiments isolating F1 and F0 components showed that both are required for ATP production, with F0 generating the proton gradient needed for F1 to synthesize ATP.

Uploaded by

Peter Potter
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ATP SYNTHASE

o Enzyme present in inner mitochondrial membrane.


o It is an F-type ATPase similar to chloroplast and eubacteria in
structure and mechanism and synthesize ATP.
o In animals chemiosmosis takes place by chemical energy and
produces ATP.
o But in plants chemiosmosis takes place in chloroplast by
converting light energy to chemical energy and then produces
ATP through it.
o It is a large enzyme complex:
ADP + Pi ATP
o Also called Complex V.
COMPONENTS OF ATP SYNTHASE
F1 F0
 It is a peripheral membrane  It is embedded in inner
protein present in matrix. mitochondrial membrane.
 Produces ATP  Transports hydrogen ions.
EXPERIMENT
o F1 was the first factor recognized as oxidative
phosphorylation.
o It was identified and purified by EFRAIM RACKER in 1960.
o In laboratory small membrane vesicles were isolated from
inner mitochondrial membrane for the synthesis of ATP. (gram
negative & gram positive)
o F1 was extracted from the small vesicles, they still contains F0
not particle of ATP synthase and respiratory chain.
o These vesicles will speed up the transfer of electrons from
NADH to O2 but proton gradient will not be produced.
o F0 moves protons very fast when pumped from ETC through
its pores, if there is no proton gradient then F depleted
vesicles will not produce ATP.
o When purified F1 particle is again added to the vesicles it re-
associates with the F0 particle.
o F1 enters to the proton pores of the F0 and restores the capacity
of membrane for the transfer of electrons and the production of
ATP.
RELEASE OF ATP FROM PROTON
GRADIENT
o ATP synthase produces ATP from the ADP and Pi.
o But it does not release the ATP from the surface of the enzyme
in the absence of Proton Gradient.
o Release of ATP that is tightly bound to the enzyme surface
requires Proton Gradient.
o After its release, it goes to different cells where it is needed to
perform its function.
o For continuous synthesis of ATP, enzyme must cycle between
a form that releases ATP and a form that binds ATP.
o This alternation in function is due to structural basis.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPICAL
ENZYME & ATP SYNTHASE

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