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Newtons Laws of Motion

The document discusses Newton's three laws of motion, including the law of inertia, the law of acceleration, and the law of interaction. It provides explanations and examples for each law, covering topics like friction, force, mass, and acceleration. Key concepts are that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force, force equals mass times acceleration, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Denjie Magrimbao
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2K views

Newtons Laws of Motion

The document discusses Newton's three laws of motion, including the law of inertia, the law of acceleration, and the law of interaction. It provides explanations and examples for each law, covering topics like friction, force, mass, and acceleration. Key concepts are that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force, force equals mass times acceleration, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Uploaded by

Denjie Magrimbao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Newton’s

Laws of Motion
I. LAW OF INERTIA
II. LAW OF ACCELERATION
III. LAW OF INTERACTION
While most people
know what Newton's
laws say, many people
do not know what they
mean (or simply do not
believe what they
mean).
Review

MOTION is the change


in position of an object
with respect to its
surroundings in a given
interval of time.
Force is a push or pull upon an
object resulting from the
object's interaction with another
object.
Newton’s Laws of Motion

 1st Law – An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in


motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force.

 2nd Law – Force equals mass times acceleration.


 3rd Law – For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
1st Law of Motion
(Law of Inertia)

An object at rest will stay at


rest, and an object in motion
will stay in motion at
constant velocity, unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.
An object in rest will stay at rest
An object in motion will stay in motion
1st Law

Inertia is the
tendency of an
object to resist
changes in its
velocity:
whether in
motion or
motionless. These pumpkins will not move unless acted on
by an unbalanced force.
1st Law
 Once airborne,
unless acted
on by an
unbalanced
force (gravity
and air – fluid
friction), it
would never
stop!
1st Law

Unless acted
upon by an
unbalanced
force, this golf
ball would sit
on the tee
forever.
Why then, do we observe
every day objects in
motion slowing down and
becoming motionless
seemingly without an
outside force?
It’s a force we sometimes cannot
see – friction.
What is this unbalanced force that acts on an object in motion?

Friction is a force that opposes


relative motion between systems
in contact
Objects on earth,
unlike the frictionless
space the moon
travels through, are
under the influence of
friction.
Slide a book across a
table and watch it
slide to a rest
position. The book
comes to a rest
because of the
presence of a force -
that force being the
force of friction -
which brings the book
to a rest position.
 In the absence of a force of
friction, the book would
continue in motion with the
same speed and direction -
forever! (Or at least to the end
of the table top.)
Newtons’s 1 st Law and
You

Don’t let this be you. Wear seat belts.


Because of inertia, objects (including you) resist changes
in their motion. When the car going 80 km/hour is stopped
by the brick wall, your body keeps moving at 80 m/hour.
2 nd Law

The net force of an


object is equal to the
product of its mass
and acceleration
F=ma.
2 nd Law
2 nd Law

 When mass is in kilograms and acceleration is in


m/s/s, the unit of force is in newtons (N).
 One newton is equal to the force required to
accelerate one kilogram of mass at one
meter/second/second.
2 nd Law (F = m x a)

 How much force is needed to


accelerate a 1400 kilogram
car 2 meters per second/per
second?
 Write the formula
 F=mxa
 Fill in given numbers and units
 F = 1400 kg x 2 meters per second/second
 Solve for the unknown

 2800 kg-meters/second/second or 2800 N


 An object with a mass of
2.0 kg accelerates 2.0 m/s/s
when an unknown force is
applied to it. What is the
amount of the force?
 An object with a mass of
2000 g accelerates 8.3
m/s2 when an unknown
force is applied to it. What
is the amount of the force?
An object accelerates
5.0 m/s2 when a force of
20.0 newtons is applied
to it. What is the mass of
the object?
An object accelerates
7.2 m/s2 when a force of
4.0 newtons is applied to
it. What is the mass of
the object?
An object with a mass of
2.0 kg has a force of 4.0
newtons applied to it.
What is the resulting
acceleration of the
object?
 An object with a mass of
2300 g has a force of 6.2
newtons applied to it. What is
the resulting acceleration of
the object? An object with a
mass of 2300 g has a force of
6.2 newtons applied to it.
What is the resulting
acceleration of the object?
If mass remains constant, doubling the acceleration, doubles the force. If force remains
constant, doubling the mass, halves the acceleration.
Newton’s 2nd Law proves that different masses
accelerate to the earth at the same rate, but with
different forces.

• We know that objects


with different masses
accelerate to the
ground at the same
rate.
• However, because of
the 2nd Law we know
that they don’t hit the
ground with the same
force.
F = ma F = ma
98 N = 10 kg x 9.8 m/s/s 9.8 N = 1 kg x 9.8 m/s/s
Check Your
Understanding
 1. What acceleration will result when a 12 N net
force applied to a 3 kg object? A 6 kg object?

 2. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to


accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the
mass.

 3. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66


kg skier 1 m/sec/sec?

 4. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is


falling freely at 9.8 m/sec/sec?
Check Your
Understanding
 1. What acceleration will result when a 12 N net force applied to a 3 kg
object?
12 N = 3 kg x 4 m/s/s

 2. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2.


Determine the mass.
16 N = 3.2 kg x 5 m/s/s

 3. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66 kg skier 1 m/sec/sec?

66 kg-m/sec/sec or 66 N

 4. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8


m/sec/sec?

 9800 kg-m/sec/sec or 9800 N


3rd Law
LAW OF INTERACTION

Forevery action, there is


an equal and opposite
reaction.
Newton’s 3rd Law in Nature
 Consider the propulsion
of a fish through the
water. A fish uses its fins to
push water backwards.
In turn, the water reacts
by pushing the fish
forwards, propelling the
fish through the water.
 The size of the force on
the water equals the size
of the force on the fish;
the direction of the force
on the water
(backwards) is opposite
the direction of the force
on the fish (forwards).
3rd Law
According to
Newton, whenever
objects A and B
interact with each
other, they exert
forces upon each
other. When you sit in
your chair, your body
exerts a downward
force on the chair
and the chair exerts
an upward force on
your body.
3rd Law

There are two


forces resulting from
this interaction - a
force on the chair
and a force on your
body. These two
forces are called
action and reaction
forces.
3 rd Law

Flying gracefully
through the air, birds
depend on Newton’s
third law of motion. As
the birds push down on
the air with their wings,
the air pushes their
wings up and gives
them lift.
 Consider the flying motion of birds. A
bird flies by use of its wings. The wings
of a bird push air downwards. In turn,
the air reacts by pushing the bird
upwards.
 The size of the force on the air equals
the size of the force on the bird; the
direction of the force on the air
(downwards) is opposite the direction
of the force on the bird (upwards).
 Action-reaction force pairs make it
possible for birds to fly.
Other examples of Newton’s Third
Law
 The baseball forces
the bat to the left
(an action); the bat
forces the ball to
the right (the
reaction).
3rd Law

 Consider the motion of a car on the way to


school. A car is equipped with wheels
which spin backwards. As the wheels spin
backwards, they grip the road and push
the road backwards.

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