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Schizophrenia and Paranoid Disorders

This document provides information on schizophrenia and paranoid disorders. It discusses the definition and prevalence of schizophrenia, noting it affects about 1.5% of the Pakistani population equally among men and women. The types of schizophrenia are described along with common symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Potential causes are genetic and environmental factors. Structural brain changes are also noted in patients. Treatment involves medications, therapy, and social/illness management skills. Paranoid and delusional disorders are also covered, describing types like erotomania and morbid jealousy as well as treatment approaches.

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Muhammad Makki
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62 views16 pages

Schizophrenia and Paranoid Disorders

This document provides information on schizophrenia and paranoid disorders. It discusses the definition and prevalence of schizophrenia, noting it affects about 1.5% of the Pakistani population equally among men and women. The types of schizophrenia are described along with common symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Potential causes are genetic and environmental factors. Structural brain changes are also noted in patients. Treatment involves medications, therapy, and social/illness management skills. Paranoid and delusional disorders are also covered, describing types like erotomania and morbid jealousy as well as treatment approaches.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Makki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Schizophrenia and other

paranoid disorders
Dr. AMJAD HAKRO
MBBS, FCPS (Psych)
Consultant Psychiatrist, Senior Registrar
ATMCH, Karachi
Definition

• A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the


relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty
perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from
reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a
sense of mental fragmentation.
Prevalence of schizophrenia
• Approx. 21 million people worldwide are affected.
• 1.5% of the population is suffering from this ailment in Pakistan
• Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency.
• Mean age of 21years were found to have schizophrenia
Prevalence of schizophrenia

affected patients

50% 50%

male female
Types of schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Paranoid Negative
Catatonic Hebephrenic unspecified
schizophrenia symptom

Positive Waxy
Early age disorganized
symptoms flexibility

Good
Bad prognosis
prognosis
Common symptoms
• Auditory hallucinations
• Ideas of reference
• Suspiciousness
• Voices speaking to the patient
• Delusions of persecution
• Thoughts spoken aloud
• Lack of insight
• Social withdrawal
• Underactivity
Etiology
• Genetic: 5-10% risk among 1st degree relative
• Obstetric complications: Antepartum hemorrhage, PPH, LBW,
asphyxia, RH incompatibility
• Maternal malnutrition, maternal influenza, Rubella infection,
Toxoplasmosis, Herpes simplex
• Paternal age
Structural brain changes
• Dec brain vol.
• Enlarged lateral ventricles
• Enlarged 3rd ventricle
• Dec. cortical grey matter
• Dec. brain weight
• Decreased synaptic markers
Differentials
• Depressive disorder
• Obsessive compulsive disorder
• Brief psychotic disorder
• Temporal Lobe epilepsy
• Substance abuse (cannabis etc.)
Treatment
• First generation anti-psychotics
• Second generation anti psychotics
• Family education
• CBT
• Social Skills training
• Illness management skills
• Supported employment
Paranoid/Delusional Disorders
• A fixed, false, firm belief that is held on inadequate grounds, not
affected by rational argument or evidence to the contrary
Types of delusional disorders
• Erotomania/ De Clermbault’s syndrome
• Morbid jealousy/ Othello syndrome
• Persecutory delusions
• Hypochondriacal delusions
Morbid Jealousy/ Othello Syndrome
• Commonest delusional Dx
• Greatest risk of dangerousness
• More common in men
• The main feature is; abnormal belief in partner’s infidelity
Differentials
• Schizophrenia
• Mood disorder
• Organic brain disorder
• Substance use (esp. Alcohol)
• Paranoid personality disorder
Treatment
• Antipsychotic
• Psychotherapy
• Inpatient treatment
• Separation advisable in extreme cases
Thank you

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