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CERN Introduction

CERN is a laboratory for particle physics located near Geneva that is operated by 20 member states. It conducts pure scientific research into the laws of nature and has no involvement with nuclear weapons or military applications. CERN operates large particle accelerators and detectors that allow physicists to study the fundamental constituents of matter. Thousands of scientists from over 100 countries collaborate on experiments at CERN. One of CERN's major projects is the Large Hadron Collider, which smashes protons together to study their interactions and explore new frontiers of particle physics. CERN also developed technologies like the World Wide Web to enable sharing of data and resources around the world.

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92 views

CERN Introduction

CERN is a laboratory for particle physics located near Geneva that is operated by 20 member states. It conducts pure scientific research into the laws of nature and has no involvement with nuclear weapons or military applications. CERN operates large particle accelerators and detectors that allow physicists to study the fundamental constituents of matter. Thousands of scientists from over 100 countries collaborate on experiments at CERN. One of CERN's major projects is the Large Hadron Collider, which smashes protons together to study their interactions and explore new frontiers of particle physics. CERN also developed technologies like the World Wide Web to enable sharing of data and resources around the world.

Uploaded by

LaluAlwan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CERN

What
Happens
at CERN?
"In the matter of physics, the first
lessons should contain nothing but
what is experimental and interesting
to see. A pretty experiment is in itself
often more valuable than twenty
formulae extracted from our
minds." - Albert Einstein
These are some of the early creators of
modern physics, at the 7th Solvay Physics
Congress in Brussels, 1933. Even though
Max Born said at the time, "Physics as we
know it will be over in six months," virtually
all of particle physics followed this meeting.

JJ Thomson
The
Beginning
of Particle
Physics
Ernest
Walton
What is CERN?
About CERN's Name from the Web
As an outsider, you may refer to us as "CERN, the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics near
Geneva", but for legal reasons we will always
communicate with you as the "European
Organization for Nuclear Research".

CERN staff must use the official name in all


CERN published materials.
CERN does pure scientific research into the
laws of nature. We are not involved with nuclear
weapons.
What is CERN?

The CERN convention states:

The Organization shall provide for collaboration


among European States in nuclear research of a
pure scientific and fundamental character, and in
research essentially related thereto. The
Organization shall have no concern with work for
military requirements and the results of its
experimental and theoretical work shall be
published or otherwise made generally available.
De Broglie 1949
A Laboratory for the World
The 20 Member States

Observers: UNESCO, EU, Israel, Turkey, USA,


Japan, Russia
What is CERN doing?
Accelerators
CERN Users
LHC

A superconductive
disk on the bottom,
cooled by liquid
nitrogen, causes the
magnet above to
levitate. The floating
magnet induces a
current, and
therefore a magnetic
field, in the
superconductor, and
the two magnetic
fields repel to
levitate the magnet.
International
Collaboration
LHC Experiments
Construction
of CMS
Compact Muon Solenoid
Solenoid Magnet Hadronic Calorimeter
The CMS magnet will (HCAL)
be the largest solenoid The brass used for the
ever built endcap HCAL comes
from recuperated
artillery shells from
Data Acquisition Russian warships
The data rate handled
by the CMS event
Electromagnetic
builder (~500 Gbit/s) is
Calorimeter (ECAL)
equivalent to the
The lead tungstate
amount of data
crystals forming the
currently exchanged by
ECAL are 98% metal
the world's Telecom
(by mass) but are
networks
completely transparent
LHC and Computing
World Wide
Collaboration
Estimated CPU Capacity
Data Processing
The DataGrid Project
"DataGrid" is a project funded by European
Union. The objective is to enable next
generation scientific exploration which requires
intensive computation and analysis of shared
large-scale databases, from hundreds of
TeraBytes to PetaBytes, across widely
distributed scientific communities.

The EU-DataGrid initiative is led by CERN


The Grid
'The Grid' Is Next Wave of
Computing, Labs Hope
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web
1990:Tim Berners-Lee, a CERN
computer scientist invented the
World Wide Web.
The "Web" as it is affectionately called, was
originally conceived and developed for the
large high-energy physics collaborations
which have a demand for instantaneous
information sharing between physicists
working in different universities and institutes
all over the world. Now it has millions of
academic and commercial users.
WWW

Tim together with Robert Cailliau, another CERN


computer scientist, wrote the first WWW client
(a browser-editor running under NeXTStep) and
the first WWW server along with most of the
communications software, defining URLs, HTTP
and HTML.
In December 1993 WWW Tim received the IMA
award and in 1995 Tim and Robert shared the
Association for Computing (ACM) Software
System Award for developing the World-Wide
Web.
Importance of Science
For more information on the CERN HST Programme
http://teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/

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