BIOLOGICALLY BASED THERAPIES

KHOIRIYAH
 CONTENT FOR ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

• I. Systems of Health Care

– Traditional Chinese Medicine
– Native American medicine
– Homeopathy
• II. Mind-Body Therapies
– A. Journaling
– B. Imagery
– C. Meditation
• III. Manipulative Therapies
– D. Massage
– E. Tai Chi

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CONTENT FOR ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

• IV. Biologic Based Therapies

– A. Aromatherapy
– B. Herbal preparations
• V. Energy Therapies
– Healing touch
– Therapeutic touch
– Reiki

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ALTERNATIF #2
• Aromaterapi adalah salah satu teknik pengobatan
atau perawatan menggunakan baubauan yang
menggunakan minyak esensial aromaterapi
(Prima dewi, 2010)
• Aromaterapi adalah terapi komplementer dalam
praktek keperawatan dan menggunakan minyak
esensial dari bau harum tumbuhan untuk
mengurangi masalah kesehatan dan memperbaiki
kualitas hidup (Bangun dan Nuraeni, 2013)

Pengertian
ALTERNATIF #2
Sharma (2009) mengatakan bahwa bau
berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap otak
seperti obat analgesik.
Misalnya, mencium lavender maka akan
meningkatkan gelombang-gelombang alfa
didalam otak dan membantu untuk merasa
rileks.

Pengertian
ALTERNATIF #2

Fisiologi
ALTERNATIF #2

Pengertian
ALTERNATIF #2

Pengertian
ALTERNATIF #2

Anatomi Fisiologi
 USES
• Essential oils can affect people psychologically and
physically.
• They can increase or decrease sympathetic activity in
humans, affecting blood pressure, plasma adrenaline, and
plasma catecholamine levels (Haze, Sakai, & Gozu, 2002).
• The effect of essential oil odors can be relaxing or
stimulating, depending on the individual’s previous
experiences, likes and dislikes, and the chemistry of the
essential oil used; therefore, it is important to explore
patient preference and the purpose for which the oil is
being used when selecting essential oils for therapeutic
purposes.
 Basil (Kemangi)
• Ocimum basilicum
• The aphrodisiac oil.
• Used for nervous insomnia, anxiety and
tiredness.
• Helpful for insect bites, headaches,
muscular aches and pains.
• Avoid during pregnancy.
• Use with caution on sensitive skin, as it can
be an irritant.
• Kaya Vitamin K dan Mangan
 Bergamot
• Citrus aurantium
• The uplifting oil.
• Good for relaxing tight, aching
muscles.
• For massage, sangat serbaguna
dan bisa mengangkat campuran.
• Do not use when going in the sun.
Because it is phototoxic!
 Cedarwood (Atlas)
• Cedrus atlantica
• A refreshing oil for men.
• It has a stimulating, refreshing and tonic effect
on the body.
• It is good for dandruff, eczema, greasy skin
and acne.
• It is an effective insect repellent.
• Avoid during pregnancy.
• Should be avoided by breast-feeding mothers
and by children.
 Chamomile
• Chamaemelum nobile
• The soothing oil.
• Is a natural anti-inflammatory with great healing
properties as well as relaxing sedative benefits.
• Is an expensive oil and you can substitute some
drops with Lavender when using to ease pain.
• Safe for use on babies, children and pets.
 Clary Sage
• Salvia sclarea
• The anti-depressant oil.
• Calming, promotes a peaceful state of
mind and restful sleep.
• Improves mental clarity and alertness, and
reduces stress and tension.
• Is well known for its euphoric action.
• Not to be used during pregnancy.
 Eucalyptus
• Eucalyptus globulus
• The perfect insect repellent.
• Because it prevents bacterial growth and
inhibits the growth of viruses, it is used to
treat burns, blisters, cuts, herpes, wounds
and sores.
• It can soothe the pain of sore muscles,
arthritis and rheumatism.
• Do not use whilst on homeopathic remedies.
 Geranium
• Pelargonium graveolens
• The women’s oil.
• It has a regulatory action on the hormones
secreted by the adrenal cortex. Ideal for PMT and
menopause.
• It reduces stress and tension.
• Is calming and uplifting, speeds body healing, and
eases depression
• And is helpful in managing asthma.
 Ginger (Jahe)
• Zingiber officinale
• The warming oil.
• A warming oil that relaxes tight muscles,
relieve aches and pains, making it a
natural choice to threat arthritis.
• Useful in the treatment of cold and
coughs.
• Also improves digestion as it stimulates
the gastric juices.
 Grapefruit
• Citrus paradisi
• The cellulite oil.
• It has an uplifting and reviving effect, making it useful in
treating stress, depression and nervous exhaustion.
• Is a lymphatic stimulant, so it is helpful in the treatment of
water retention as well as having fat-dissolving properties.
• A very safe oil to use. It is non-toxic, non-irritant and is non-
phototoxic!
 Jasmine
• Jasminum grandiflorum
• The romantic oil.
• Uplifting, relaxing and an excellent brain
stimulant.
• It is good for dry sensitive skins and to treat
muscular aches and menstrual cramps.
• Always use this oil to lighten the emotional
load.
• Not to be used during pregnancy.
 Lavender
• Lavandula angustifolia
• Essential oil for the first aid kit.
• Generally regarded as the most versatile
essence therapeutically.
• Is well known for its sedative properties and is
useful in treating depression, migraine,
insomnia and nervous tension as well as
dealing with stress.
• Can be used neat on burns and even sunburn.
 Lemon
• Citrus limon
• The cleansing oil.
• Is stimulating, invigorating, astringent,
deodorizing and antiseptic.
• Very helpful in treating mental exhaustion.
Also for energizing an aching body.
• Used in treatment of cellulite
• Is phototoxic!
 Lemongrass
• Cymbopogon flexuosus
• The regenerative oil.
• A good tonic for the skin, especially useful for
athlete’s foot.
• It kills bacteria and fungal infections.
• It cools and reduces fever in the body and helps
ease aching muscles.
• It calms the nervous system relieving
depression, stress and nervous exhaustion.
• Use with care on sensitive skins – it can cause
irritation due to high citrus content!
 Lime
• Citrus aurantifolia
• The uplifting oil.
• Is antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic.
• A great stimulant and tonic.
• Very useful for treating colds and flu,
cellulite, poor circulation, greasy skin,
arthritis and varicose veins.
• Is phototoxic!
 Mandarin
• Citrus reticulata
• The children’s oil.
• Having great digestive properties, it relieves
cramps, spasms and stimulates bile production.
• It also aids digestion, constipation and
hiccoughs.
• A great oil to be used for stretch marks, scars
and aging skin. Use this oil during pregnancy to
help reduce stretch marks.
• Is phototoxic!
 Marjoram
• Origanum majorana
• The calming oil.
• It relieves tight muscles, aches and pains.
• Reduces inflammation, improves digestion
and helps relieve congestion.
• Avoid during pregnancy.
• Avoid if you suffer from low blood
pressure.
 Melissa
• Melissa officinalis
• The heart oil.
• Also known as Balm, Lemon.
• It calms and soothes the skin as well as
soothing the mind by calming the nervous
system.
• Respiratory-related allergies respond well to
it.
• It offers relief for problems of the digestive
or circulatory system.
 Neroli
• Citrus aurantium
• The mind, body and soul oil.
• It helps prevent wrinkles, stretch marks and
thread veins.
• It has a deep tranquilizing effect and is used for
treating anxiety, depression, palpitations and
nervous disorders.
• It can relieve diarrhoea, indigestion, cramps and
spasms and help expel gas from the intestines.
• Safe and ideal to use during pregnancy.
 Orange
• Citrus sinensis
• A calming and relaxing oil.
• It has a refreshing and stimulating effect on
the body whilst leaving you relaxed. It
rejuvenates skin.
• Excellent oil for calming children as well as
for reducing colds and flu.
• Is phototoxic!
• Do not use when pregnant.
 Peppermint
• Mentha piperita
• The soothing digestion oil.
• The cooling and refreshing effect on the
body brings temporary relief from
headaches, mental fatigue, toothache,
sinusitis, travel sickness, sunburn, upset
stomachs and hangovers.
• Avoid during pregnancy.
• Use with care on sensitive skins – it can be
an irritant due to high menthol content.
 Petitgrain
• Citrus aurantium var.amara
• The nerve oil.
• It’s properties include being anti-
depressant, deodorizing and a sedative.
• Use in your diffuser and inhale to
reduce depression and to clear a
confused mind.
• Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing
and non-phototoxic.
 Pine
• Pinus sylvestris
• The respiratory oil.
• One of the best oils to treat head lice, sores,
cuts and scabies.
• It has a great effect on the respiratory system
and helps to loosen and remove mucus.
• Useful in the treatment of bronchitis, coughs,
sore throats, colds, flu, asthma and for muscular
aches and pains, arthritis and rheumatism.
• Avoid in allergic conditions.
 Rose
• Rosa damascena
• The beauty oil.
• It prevents and reduces scaring.
• It is a helpful oil for asthma and chronic
bronchitis.
• The beautiful fragrance helps bring balance
and harmony as well as stimulating and
elevating the mind.
• Non-toxic and safe to use.
 Rosemary
• Rosmarinus officinalis
• The oil for protection.
• It is a powerful stimulant and has impressive
healing properties, strengthening the nervous
system, improving memory and restoring sense
of smell.
• It can ease the pain of arthritis, gout,
rheumatism, stiff and sore muscles. Also used
with success in treating asthma, colds, flu,
bronchitis and coughs.
• Avoid during pregnancy and if suffering from
epilepsy.
 Rosewood
• Aniba rosaeodora
• A gentle balancing oil.
• It is soothing, uplifting, refreshing
and balancing.
• It is calming and relaxing for the
emotions and gently sensual.
• Non-toxic and safe to use.
 Tea Tree
• Melaleuca alternifolia
• First aid in a bottle.
• It has many outstanding properties. It can be
used to treat anything from blisters, boils,
burns, rashes, gingivitis, mouth ulcers, burns,
insect bites, nappy rash, ringworm to
athlete’s foot and thrush, infected wounds,
coldsores, corns and warts!
• Non-toxic and safe to use. Repeated neat
application might induce sensitization!
 Vetiver
• Vetiveria zizanoides
• The oil of tranquility.
• One of the best oils to use to strengthen the
immune system. It is a deeply relaxing oil.
• It can be used to ease stress, lift depression,
calm the nerves and for insomnia.
• Its antiseptic properties heal acne, cuts and
infected wounds.
• Non-toxic, non-irritant. Safe to use.
 Ylang Ylang (Kenanga)
• Cananga odorata
• The sensual oil.
• The first distillate (about 40%) is called Ylang Ylang
Extra, which is the top grade. There are then three
further successive distillates, called Grades 1, 2
and 3.
• Deeply relaxing, de-stressing, soothes troubled
mind and spirit.
• Thought to be an aphrodisiac.
• Non-toxic, however, some people find the sweet
fragrance causes a headache or nausea.
ALTERNATIF #2
• 10 tetes mint essential oil
• 5 tetes lime essential oil
• 5 tetes orange essential oil
• Buah lemon peras
• Pisau
• Air putih

Spray lemon
Aromatheraphy
ALTERNATIF #2
• Lilin
• 10 ruas kayu manis
• Lem
• Tatakan
• Gunting

Lilin kayu
manis
ALTERNATIF #2
• Herbal medicine  botanical dan
phytotheraphy penggunaan diet
suplemen yang berasal dari produk alam
(Snyder and Lindquist, 2009)

HERBAL TERAPI
 • Strategi#2WHO
ALTERNATIF dalam hal obat tradisional mencakup
empat tujuan utama yaitu (WHO, 2002) :
• 1) Mengintegrasikan secara tepat obat tradisional
dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan nasional dengan
mengembangkan dan melaksanakan kebijakan nasional
obat tradisional dengan berbagai programnya.
• 2) Meningkatkan keamanan (safety), khasiat dan mutu
dengan memperkuat knowledge-base obat tradisional
dan regulasi dan standar jaminan mutu (quality
assurance standard).
• 3) Meningkatkan ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan
obat tradisional terutama untuk masyarakat yang tidak
mampu.
• 4) Mempromosikan penggunaan obat tradisional
secara tepat oleh tenaga profesional medik maupun
oleh konsumen.
HERBAL TERAPI
ALTERNATIF #2
•Jamu
•Obat herbal
terstandar
Obat herbal
Indonesia •Fitofarmaka
terbagi 3

HERBAL TERAPI
ALTERNATIF #2
• Tujuan
1. Imunomodulator
2. Antioksidan

HERBAL TERAPI
 Jambu air mint
• Bahan :
250 gr buah jambu air potong-potong
100 gr paprika merah potong-potong
1 lembar daun mint
1 sdm air jeruk lemon
1 sdm madu
air matang secukupnya
• Cuci tangan
• Siapkan bahan dan cuci dengan air mengalir
• Potong jambu air, paprika dan daun mint
kemudian masukkan kedalam gelas blender
beserta air matang
• Hidupkan  campurkan air jeruk lemon dan
madu , aduk sajikan
• Cuci tangan
 Antioxidant Therapy for Chronic Liver Disease:
Curcuminoids

Curcuma longa (turmeric)

Main component: Minor component:

curcumin curcuminoids

down regulate NF- antioxidant activity

B, a transcription blocking
activation of NF- protect DNA against
factor that control oxidative attack →
acute and chronic B,and induction
activate detoxification
inflammation of HO-1
enzymes
cascades.
 Antioxidant Therapy for Chronic Liver Disease: Silymarin

effective antioxidant
a mixture of four • conserving GSH in liver cells
isomeric flavonolignans
• stabilizing the liver cell membranes against
• silibinin (main active oxidative attack
component)
• Isosilibinin Inhibition of liver fibrogenesis
• Silydianin
• silychristin promotion of liver regeneration

lowered liver enzymes and improved antioxidant

status

potent inhibitor of NF-B activation

Used as a medicine for acute

and chronic liver diseases
 Antioxidant Therapy for Chronic Liver Disease:Green Tea

Green tea potent antioxidant

• A product of Camellia sinensis and anti inflammatory
• Contains polyphenols agents
specifically catechins

up-regulate antioxidant and other detoxifying

enzymes
• protect DNA from oxidative damage

down-regulate NF-B and AP-1

cells supporting HBV replication had reduced

virus gene expression and reduced cell growth
 Antioxidant Therapy for Chronic Liver Disease:
Vitamin C and E

A substrate for Highly

Vitamin C ascorbate effective
peroxidase antioxidant

Vitamin E

fat soluble • Major antioxidant

found in lipid
antioxidant
membranes

Blocks the
production
of ROS
 Antioxidant Therapy for Chronic Liver Disease

Vitamin E
• significantly reduced in patients with alcoholic liver
disease
• Prevents mitochondrial damage
• Vitamin E or C alone or in combination → scavenging free
radicals generated in liver tissue
• prevent lipid peroxidation induced by alcohol
consumption
• Vitamin E (600 mg daily): effective in suppressing HBV
replication and normalizing ALT in a significant proportion
in CLD
 Herbals
• Alert: “Natural” does not always mean
harmless.
• Plants used improperly can be poisonous.
• Chemicals within herbs can strengthen the
immune system, alter blood chemistry, or
protect specific organs against disease
• Caution: some individuals may have allergies

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