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Exponential Function

Exponential functions have the form f(x) = bx, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1. They model phenomena like population growth, exponential decay, and compound interest. Exponential expressions involve terms of the form a ∙ bx−c + d. Exponential equations and inequalities involve setting exponential expressions equal to or relating them with other expressions. Exponential functions are always increasing if b > 1 and decreasing if 0 < b < 1, which is used to solve exponential inequalities. Graphing exponential functions involves making a table of values and plotting points to connect with a smooth curve.

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Sheena Sheen
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522 views

Exponential Function

Exponential functions have the form f(x) = bx, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1. They model phenomena like population growth, exponential decay, and compound interest. Exponential expressions involve terms of the form a ∙ bx−c + d. Exponential equations and inequalities involve setting exponential expressions equal to or relating them with other expressions. Exponential functions are always increasing if b > 1 and decreasing if 0 < b < 1, which is used to solve exponential inequalities. Graphing exponential functions involves making a table of values and plotting points to connect with a smooth curve.

Uploaded by

Sheena Sheen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPONENTIAL

FUNCTIONS
Exponential Function
An exponential function with
base b is a function of the
𝑥
form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏 or 𝑦 = 𝑏 , 𝑥

where 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1
Real-life of exponential function

• Population growth
• Exponential decay
• Compound interest
Exponential Expression
An exponential expression is
an expression of the form 𝑎 ∙
𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑, where 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1
Exponential Expressions
Exponential Exponential Exponential
Equation Inequality Function

Function of
An equation An inequality
the form
involving involving
Definition 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥,
exponential exponential
where 𝑏 > 0,
expressions expressions
𝑏 ≠ 1.

1 𝑥
2𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑓 𝑥 = 1.8
Example 7 = 52𝑥 − 5𝑥+1 ≤ 0
343 𝑦 = 1.8𝑥
TRY…
Determine whether the given is an
exponential function, an exponential
equation, an exponential inequality or none
of these.
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 3
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
3. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
4. 22 5𝑥+1 = 500
5. 625 ≥ 5𝑥+3
SOLVING
EXPONENTIAL
EQUATIONS
AND
INEQUALITIES
WHICH IS?
Which of the following are exponential
functions?
1. 49 = 7𝑥+1 5. 8𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 9
2. 7 = 2𝑥 + 3 6. 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 1
3. 3𝑥 = 32𝑥−1 7. 2𝑥 + 3 > 𝑥 − 1
4. 5𝑥−1 = 125 8. 2𝑥−2 > 8
One-to-one Property of
Exponential Functions
𝑥1 𝑥2
If 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 ≠ 𝑏 .
𝑥1 𝑥2
Conversely, if 𝑏 = 𝑏 then
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
A Review…
0 𝑟 𝑠 𝑟𝑠
𝑎 =1 (𝑎 ) = 𝑎
−𝑛
1
𝑎 = 𝑛 𝑟
(𝑎𝑏) = 𝑟
𝑎 𝑏 𝑟
𝑎
𝑟 𝑠 𝑟+𝑠
𝑎 𝑎 =𝑎
𝑎 𝑟 𝑎 𝑟
𝑎𝑟 𝑟−𝑠
=𝑎 =
𝑎𝑠
𝑏 𝑏𝑟
EXAMPLES…

Solve the equation.


1. 4 𝑥−1 = 16
2. 125 𝑥−1 = 25 𝑥+3

𝑥 2 𝑥+3
3. 9 = 3
TRY…

Solve for x.
1. 16 2𝑥−3 =4 𝑥+2

2. 7 𝑥+4 = 49 2𝑥−1
SOLVING EXPONENTIAL
INEQUALITIES
Property of Exponential Inequalities
If 𝑏 > 1, then the exponential function
𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is increasing for all 𝑥. This means
that 𝑏 𝑥 < 𝑏 𝑦 if and only if 𝑥 < 𝑦.
If 0 < 𝑏 < 1 , then the exponential
function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is decreasing for all 𝑥.
This means that 𝑏 𝑥 > 𝑏 𝑦 if and only if
𝑥 < 𝑦.
EXAMPLES…

Solve the inequality.


𝑥
1. 3 < 9 𝑥−2

1 𝑥+5 1 3𝑥
2. ≥
10 100
TRY…

Solve for x.
1. 42𝑥+7 ≤ 32 2𝑥−3

2 5𝑥−1 25
2. ≥
5 4
GRAPHING
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
How to graph exponential
functions?
1. Construct a table of values of
ordered pairs for the given
function.
2. Plot the points found in the
table and connect them using a
smooth curve.
EXAMPLES…
𝑥
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 .
EXAMPLES…
𝑥
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 .
𝒙 −𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
1 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 1 2 4 8
16 8 4 2
EXAMPLES…
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 .
EXAMPLES…
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 .
EXAMPLES…

1 𝑥
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = .
2
EXAMPLES…

1 𝑥
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = .
2
𝒙 −𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
1 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 8 4 2 1
2 4 8 16
EXAMPLES…
1 𝑥
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = .
2
EXAMPLES…
1 𝑥
Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = .
2
PROPERTIES OF
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
The following properties of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑥 ,
where 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1 , can be
observed from the graph:
(a) The domain is the set ℝ.
(b) The range is the set 0, +∞
(c) It is a one-to-one function. It
satisfies the Horizontal Line Test.
PROPERTIES OF
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
𝑥
The following properties of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏 ,
where 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1 , can be
observed from the graph:
(d) The y-intercept is 1. There is no x-
intercept.
(e) The horizontal asymptote is the
line 𝑦 = 0 (or the x-axis).There is
no vertical asymptote.

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