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Types of Ships

The shipping industry transports over 90% of global trade via large cargo ships. These ships can be categorized based on their cargo type, including bulk carriers for transporting items like grains and ores, tankers for liquids, container ships, general cargo ships, roll-on/roll-off ships, and passenger vessels. Bulk carriers vary in size from small coastal vessels to huge ships that can carry over 200,000 tons of material and are classified by deadweight tonnage.

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Mohammed Shaji E IMU Kochi
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152 views26 pages

Types of Ships

The shipping industry transports over 90% of global trade via large cargo ships. These ships can be categorized based on their cargo type, including bulk carriers for transporting items like grains and ores, tankers for liquids, container ships, general cargo ships, roll-on/roll-off ships, and passenger vessels. Bulk carriers vary in size from small coastal vessels to huge ships that can carry over 200,000 tons of material and are classified by deadweight tonnage.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Shaji E IMU Kochi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• The shipping industry is a huge, multi-billion

dollar business. This industry is the lifeblood


of the world’s economy. It accounts for 90% of
the world’s trade. Ships can carry goods in
quantities that are impossible by any other
mode of transport.
• Bulk carriers
• Tankers
• Container Ships
• General Cargo
• Ro-Ro Vessels
• LNG Carriers
• Livestock Carriers
• Refrigerated Vessels or Reefers
• Passenger vessels
• Expeditions Ships
• Mail and Supply Ships
• Ships for the carriage of
homogeneous cargo, in bulk (not
unitized), with vertical
loading/unloading through
hatches with large dimensions.
Bulk carrier
• These ships are designed specifically to carry
dry cargoes such as grain, iron ore and coal, in
bulk.
• From tiny single-hold coasters with a 500 ton
load, to huge Capesize carriers of up to
230,000 tons, which might take on the task of
transporting cargoes of iron ore or coal from
mines to steel mills.
• Some of the more sophisticated bulk carriers
have their own cargo handling equipment on
board, in the form of cranes or conveyor
systems, while other make use of specialist
port equipment to blow, grab, pump or convey
the cargo away from the ship and into
customised storage buildings.
Types of Bulk Carriers:

• According to Size:
• Handysize: 10,000 DWT to 30,000 DWT
• Handymax: 35,000 DWT to 60,000 DWT
• Panamax: 60,000 DWT to 80,000 DWT
• Capesize: 80,000 DWT and over.
• Single Bottom Bulk Carrier: These type of bulk
carrier ships do not have a double bottom,
and the only barrier between the sea and the
cargo is the outer bottom plate. Bulk carriers
under 120 m length do not require a double
bottom as per structural requirements, but
today, ship designers still prefer to avoid single
bottoms in order to prevent contact of cargo
with sea water in case of structural damages.
• Double Bottom-Single Hull Bulk Carrier: These
ships have a single hull, but are provided with a
double bottom or a tank top throughout its
length (from aft of the forward collision
bulkhead to the aft peak bulkhead). The double
bottom spaces are used for storage of ballast
and duct keel for passage of pipelines.
• Double Hull Bulk Carrier: The use of double
hull in bulk carrier designs have increased
rapidly over the last ten years. The wing tanks
at the sides are an added advantage, and
provide more marginal ballast, and better
control on the stability of the ship.
• OBO Carriers: Ore-Bulk-Oil Carriers have holds
such arranged that they can carry ore, solid
dry bulk, and oil in the same voyage, without
interference between each cargo type
• COAL
• IRON ORE
• MINERAL CONCENTRATE
• GRAIN
• CEMENT
• WOOD CHIP
• VLOC: Very Large Ore Carrier.
• VLBC: Very Large Bulk Carrier.
• ULOC: Ultra Large Ore Carrier.
• ULBC: Ultra Large Bulk Carrier.
Mini Bulk Carrier
• (100 - 130m length , less than 10m draft &
3000 ~ 23,999 DWT) Employed in coastal
trade, serving as feeder vessels to large ships.
Their main trade consists of short sea voyages,
carrying limited quantities of bulk cargoes
generally to smaller ports without restriction
on size of vessels.
• Handysize' are the medium bulk carriers of
between 24000 ~ 35000 DWT ( 130 - 150 m
length & 10m draft ). They can carry cargoes
to a large number of ports, may carry
considerable variety and quantity of bulk
cargoes.
• Containerships are designed to fit containers
with standard measurements, with each one
slotting into guides on the ship like pieces of a
giant jigsaw puzzle. The carrying capacity of
containerships, measured in twenty-foot
equivalent units, or TEU. Simply, this is the
number of 20-foot containers that a ship can
carry.
• A general cargo ship is extremely adaptable and can be
used to transport virtually every form of dry non-bulk
cargo, from railway lines to agricultural machinery.
• A distinct feature of general cargo ships is that they
normally have their own gear, which means that these
versatile ships can trade to smaller ports and terminals
that do not have shore side loading and unloading
equipment. And while these ships are often employed
with abnormal loads that other ships could not
accommodate, in lean times general cargo ships can
easily turn their hand to carrying containers, bulk or
bagged cargo.
.
• The ships are usually laid out over two or
three decks with entrance and exit access on
built-in ramps through very wide stern doors.
By their very design, Ro-Pax ships are designed
to provide maximum efficiency in loading and
offloading of cars/cargo and passengers, and
are equipped to handle various shapes and
sizes of freight.
• Tankers
• Tankers have no board facility for oil pumping, heating
and certain other special provisions. A tanker generally
sticks to a single product. According to the type of
cargo, they are further classified into.
• Oil Tankers
• Product Tankers
• LNG Tankers
• Acid Tankers
• Edible oil Tankers
• Ships come in a variety of sizes. The size of a ship
is measured by its weight carrying capacity
(deadweight) and by its volume carrying capacity
(gross tonnage). Cargo with low weight per unit
of volume fills the ship’s volume before it reaches
its weight capacity. Deadweight (DWT) is the
weight carrying capacity of a ship in metric tons.
That includes the weight of the cargo, as well as
the weight of fuels, lubricating oils, supplies, and
anything else on the ship. Gross Tons (GT) is the
volume of the enclosed spaces of the ship in
hundreds of cubic feet.

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