GUIDED BY ABHIRAM J
MR.SREEHARI V K REG NO:17201080
(Lecture of ECE) ROLL NO:01
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
FRAME WORK
HOW ITS WORKS
ADVANTAGES
LIMITATIONS
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
CONCLUTION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Even the companies that sell smart phones at
phenomenal rates have the issue of battery’s
performance.
The performance is better as compared to others, but it is
still a mystery if discussed in terms of long life.
“The University of Washington”, who invented the
phone with a dial pad, and to the next level of
astonishment, the phone was designed so that it could
harvest energy from “Radio Signals.
FRAME WORK
ambient sources, and surprisingly those ambient
sources are “Radio Signals or Radio Waves”.
Device uses a minute photo diode to harvest energy
from the ambient light or RF sources.
It consumes only 3.5 microwatts of power from these
energy sources.
The device has a limited range of just 31 feet from the
base station and the range can be expanded to 50 feet
with the help of a small “Solar Cell".
Conversion of RF to DC power
WORKING
Antenna receive RF wave.
RF to DC converter convert radio frequency signal
to DC.
Power condition check the required voltage and fed
to the output.
Harnessing Energy
Base station is placed as per the range
specified(31feet-50feet).
RF energy can be transmitted in unlicensed
bands(ranging from 868MHz to 5.4GHz from their
respective base stations).
RF energy is transfigured into DC power through
some energy harnessing devices(“Powercast’s
Powerharvester Receivers”).
Conversion of Ambient Signals to
Power with the Photo Diode
A photo diode for converting ambient signals and
light into current.
It is a semiconductor, with p-n junction diode and an
intrinsic layer between two junctions.
The photocurrent is provoked by the electron hole
pair.Because of the assimilation of light between
depletion region.
When photons of energy greater than 1.1 electron volt
(eV) strike the diode, electron-hole pairs are
originated.
holes proceed toward the anode and the electrons
move toward the cathode, thereby generating
photocurrent.
The sum of photocurrents and dark currents, which
flow with or without light.
It is the amount of current progressing through the
photodiode.
Small amount of power is generated in the battery less
phone with the assistance of a tiny photo diode.
Structure of a simple photo
diode
PROTOTYPE
The team of researchers utilized the shell components
on a printed circuit board.
It perform basic functions like calling someone up and
then hanging up the call without any inadequate call
drops.
A custom base station collects the data in form of
digital packages with the help of a “Backscatter.”
The device inherits the signals with a technology
referred as “Zero Power Amplitude Modulation.”
SHELL COMPONENT
BACK SCATTER
How do solar cell works and
increases range by saving energy?
Solar cell constitutes of P-N junction diode, which is
assembled from Silicon and Germanium.
With the help of vapor deposition, P type layer is
diffused over N type semiconductor with p type
having some electrodes.
This process constructs open space for light to fall on
P layer and hence underlying the P-N junction.
The bottom of N layer comprises of current
assembling electrode.
When a light photon arrives at the junction, they
exhilarate electrons from valence band to conduction
band.
Fig:A solar cell used as in the battery less phone
ADVANTAGES
Conserves Electricity
Saves Time
Low Power Consumption
No Charging Issues
LIMITATIONS
Limited range
Use of solar cell
Lacking multiple operational features
FUTURE SCOPE
Increase in the range
Encryption
Video streming
Internet access
Low power E-ink display
CONCLUSION
It was extremely astonishing to witness that a group of
researchers have finally developed a phone that uses no
power.
which means the phone has no battery and harnesses
energy from ambient signals and light sources.
The phone just consumes 3.5 microwatts of power and
harvests energy from ambient radio and light sources with
the help of minute diodes.
That convert light and signal strength into a current which
is furthermore converted into few microwatts of power.
With the phone, we can just dial a number and call to
another person.
REFERENCE
1.Paret, Dominique. RFID at ultra and super high frequencies:
Theory and application. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
2.Shin, Choonsung, Jin-Hyuk Hong, Anind K. Dey,
"Understanding and prediction of mobile application
usage for smart phones", In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM
Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 173-182. ACM,
2012.
3.Goodenough, John B., Kyu-Sung Park,"The Li-ion
rechargeable battery: A perspective." Journal of the American
Chemical Society 135, No. 4, pp. 1167-1176, 2013
