SCRAMJET
ANALYSIS
1 Guide: Prof. Krishnendu Sinha By: Pankaj Kumar Singh
Inlet
2
Scramjet Geometry
Hc = intake
•
height
•M1 = Free
stream
Mach
number
• = Ramp
angle
H3 =
•
Combustion
Chamber
Height
He = Nozzle
•
Height
3
Inlet Geometry and Assumptions
Surface 1
Surface 2
Heat transfer across the walls are neglected.
Shock on - lip condition is satisfied.
No boundary layers
No boundary layer – shock interaction. 4
Cp and are Constant
Theory Used
Oblique shock relations are used to find
the flow properties after each shock
system.
We can calculate shock angle for given
deflection by using the given formula
Once we know , we can calculate
Normal Mach number
5
Theory Used Cont.
Once we know normal component of
mach number, we can find the density,
pressure and temperature after the
shock wave by using the formulas
mentioned.
We can find the Mach number after
the shock wave by using the formula
mentioned in the previous slide.
With this we can, find the properties
across any number of shock system.
6
1st shock system 2nd shock system 3rd shock system
• Calculate • Calculate • Calculate
Properties Properties Properties
• Mach number • Mach number • Mach number
after shock after shock wave after shock wave
wave
7
Input (From DRDL) to Code
Input for inlet
1 - One theta deflection
2 - two theta deflections
3 - three theta deflections
Altitude = 32 KM
Enter the number of ramp deflection : 2 (Two Ramp Angles)
Enter the angle of attack : 4 deg
Enter Mach number : 6.5
Enter the free stream pressure in Pascal : 868.02
Enter the free stream temperature in Kelvin : 228.5
Enter the value of gamma : 1.36
Enter theta1 in deg : 14.18
Enter theta2 in deg : 14.7
8
Results
2
1
3
4
Free stream Condition:
After first Shock : After Second Shock: After Third Shock:
M1 = 6.5
Altitude = 32 km
Pressure P1 = 868.02 Pa M2 = 3.91 M3 = 2.95 M4 = 1.24
Temperature T1 =228.5 K P2 = 7555.46 Pa P3 = 25998.899 Pa P4 = 180116.34 Pa
Hc = 1m T2 = 522.734 K T3 = 763.285 K T4 = 1536.09 K
9
Isolator
10
Assumptions
Adiabatic flow
Constant Area duct
Gamma is constant
Gamma and cp will be same as of inlet
Oblique shock train in isolator
11
Theory used Cont.
In a research by Waltrup and Billig, it was observed that for a given imposed
pressure rise (ΔP/P), the length over which the shock train spread varied
as
where,
D is the duct diameter, M is the Mach number of the inflow, θ is the
momentum thickness of the boundary layer and Re is the Reynolds number
based on momentum thick.
Ortwerth determined that the rate of pressure rise in a duct can be expressed
as,
where,
DH is the hydraulic diameter of the duct, Cf0 is the friction coefficient at the
initial separation point.
12
Results
The length of the shock train is : 0.146 m
The Mach Number after the isolator is : 1.0623
The Temperature after the isolator is : 1634.263 K
13
The Pressure after the isolator is : 2.1641e+05 Pa
Pressure Variation along Isolator
240
Thousands
220
200
Pressure variation
180
AOA = 0
AOA = 4
160
140
120
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Isolator Length (m)
14
Combustion Chamber
Varying Heat Input + Friction + Varying Cross
Section Area
15
Combustion Assumption
Area is not constant
Uniform Heat addition
No boundary layer effects
No heat transfer through walls
No shock Train Present
Rectangular Combustion
Chamber
No Dissociation in Combustion
Equivalence Ratio is Constant
16
Complete sets of equation
Velocity
Where,
17
Pressure
Density
Temperature
18
Input to code
Length of the combustor = 0.5m
Width of the combustor = 0.4m
Thickness of the combustor = 0.076m
Pressure at inlet of combustor chamber = 2.1641e+05 Pa
Temperature at inlet of combustor chamber = 1634.263 K
Mach number at the entry = 1.0623
Equivalence Ratio = 0.5
Gamma = 1.27
Angle of combustor chamber = 2 deg
Type of Fuel = Ethane (Hydrocarbon)
19
Result: Pressure Variation
The pressure after the combustor chamber is : 1.7816e+05
20
Temperature Variation
The Temperature after the combustor chamber is : 1.8499e+03
21
Mach Number Variation
The Mach number after the combustor chamber is : 1.1477
22
Total Pressure Variation
The Total pressure after the combustor chamber is : 3.8474e+05
23
Total Temperature Variation
The Total Temperature after the combustor chamber is : 2.1789e+03
24
Pressure variation for different theta for Ethane
Total Pressure Variation for different Pressure Variation for different theta
theta 160
Thousands
320
Thousands
150
140
300
130
280
120
Total Pressure
Pressure
5 Deg
5 Deg 110
260 2 Deg
2 Deg
3 Deg
3 Deg 100
4 Deg
240 4 Deg
90
80
220
70
200
60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Combustor Length
Combustor Length
25
Pressure Variation for different Fuels
Pressure Vs Combustor Length
180
Thousands
150
120
Pressure
90 hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
60
30
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Combustor Length
26
Total Pressure Variation for different Fuels
Total Pressure Vs Combustor Length
330
Thousands
310
290
270
250
Total Pressure
230
hydrogen
210 Methane
190 Ethane
170
150
130
110
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Combustor Length
27
Temperature Variation for different Fuels
Temperature Vs Combustor Length
3500
3000
2500
Temperature
2000
hydrogen
1500 Methane
Ethane
1000
500
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Combustor Length
28
Nozzle
29
Assumptions:
Isentropic Flow
Inviscid and irrotational flow
Full Expansion condition
Single Ramp Expansion Nozzle
Gamma is constant.
No boundary layer effects
30
Methodology
Once we know the theta at every intermediate point, then we can
find the value of X and Y and then contour shape using straight
line equation.
Height of the contour can be calculated using the formula
and, the Area ratio can be find out using
Once, we know height and turning angle, we can find the X and Y
31
Input to code and Result
Mach number : Exit Mach number of combustor = 1.14
N : No of Characteristics lines = 7
Exit Mach Number = 3.5
Length of the nozzle = 1.596m 32
Cycle analysis and flight analysis
1
Thermal efficiency: 𝜂 𝑇 = 1 − = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟒𝟏 %
𝜏𝑟
2
Propulsive efficiency: 𝜂𝑝 = 𝜏𝜆
= 𝟗𝟗. 𝟕 %
𝜏𝑟
+1
Overall efficiency: 𝜂𝑜 = 𝜂 𝑇 ∗ 𝜂𝑝 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟏𝟖 %
Fuel estimation:
Fuel required to achieve certain range can be calculated by using Breguet’s Range formula
For Range = 1000 Km and Lift – to – Drag ratio : 2
𝑔0
Breguet’s Range Formula: Π𝑓 = 1 − 𝑒 −𝐵𝑅 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 𝑐
𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑝𝑟 (1−𝜙𝑒 )𝑐 𝑙
𝑑
𝑔0 𝑅
BR = 𝑐 = 0.124
𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑝𝑟 (1−𝜙𝑒 )𝑐 𝑙
𝑑
Π𝑓 = 1 − 𝑒 −0.124 = 0.1169
i. e. 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟗% 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 33
Thanks and Questions ??
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