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CHAPTER 2 :the Research Process: A Quick Glance

This document outlines the key phases and steps in the research process: 1. Phase I involves deciding what to research and includes formulating a research problem, conceptualizing a research design, and constructing an instrument for data collection. 2. Phase II is planning the research study and includes selecting a sample, writing a research proposal, and collecting data. 3. Phase III consists of conducting the research study by processing and displaying the data, then writing a research report to communicate the findings.

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949 views2 pages

CHAPTER 2 :the Research Process: A Quick Glance

This document outlines the key phases and steps in the research process: 1. Phase I involves deciding what to research and includes formulating a research problem, conceptualizing a research design, and constructing an instrument for data collection. 2. Phase II is planning the research study and includes selecting a sample, writing a research proposal, and collecting data. 3. Phase III consists of conducting the research study by processing and displaying the data, then writing a research report to communicate the findings.

Uploaded by

alia.delareine
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

The Research Process: A Quick Glance

 The first is to decide what to find out about & to decide how to go about finding their answers.

Phase I: deciding Step I: formulating a research problem most important step in the research process
what to research
what we intend to research
to decide what we want to find out about

Step II: conceptualising a research design Have to use of appropriate methods


to explain how we will find answers to our research questions
should include: the study design per se and the logistical arrangements that we propose
to undertake, the measurement procedures, the sampling strategy, the frame of analysis
and the timeframe
Phase II: planning The selection of an appropriate research design is crucial in enabling us to arrive at valid
a research study findings, comparisons and conclusions
it is important to ensure that it is valid, workable and manageable in selecting r.design

collecting information - ‘research tool’ or a ‘research instrument’. e.g:


Step III: constructing an instrument for observation forms, interview schedules, questionnaires and interview guides.
data collection
to collect data (primary data), we need either to construct a research instrument or to
select one that has already been constructed.
secondary data - (information already collected for other purposes), need to
identify what information is needed and then develop a form to extract the required
data
Field testing (or pre-testing) a research tool is an integral part of instrument
construction
Step IV: selecting a sample basic objective - to minimise, within the limitation of cost, the gap between the values
obtained from our sample and those prevalent in the study population
we should attempt to achieve 2 key aims of sampling the avoidance of bias in the selection of a sample &
the attainment of maximum precision for a given outlay of resources.
Phase II: planning
a research study 3 categories of sampling design : random/probability sampling designs, non-random/non-probability
sampling designs and ‘mixed’ sampling design.

Step V: writing a research It tells about our research problem and how we are planning to investigate
proposal
must have following informations: objectives, hypothesis, study designs, setting, instrument, sample size,
data processing, chapters, problem & limitations and time-frame

Step VI: collecting data collect the data through interviews, mail out a questionnaire, conduct nominal/focus group discussions
or make observations
collecting data through any one of the methods may involve some ethical issues

Phase III: conducting Step VII: processing Analyse the information –depend upon 2 things: the type of information (descriptive, quantitative,
a research study and displaying data qualitative or attitudinal) & the way we want to communicate our findings to readers

Step VIII: writing a 2 categories of reports: quantitative & qualitative


research report
Report should be written in an academic style & be divided into different chapters & sections based
upon the main themes of our study

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