Introduction to

Multimedia
 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
Content isn't "stuff we write to rank higher" or "infographics" or
"longform articles." Content is anything that communicates a message
to the audience. Anything.
 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
• Change your approach
We all need to change our entire approach to content. Treat it as
part of the user experience, instead of a nasty skin disease:
• Integrate content that can enhance the user experience
• Optimize what you already have
 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
• Link to the blog
• If nothing else, link to relevant blog posts. People intent on making a purchase
aren't going to click away never to return.
• Linking to a relevant post allows really interested visitors to drill down an
additional layer of detail.
• They can get impressions, learn why one product might be better for them
than another, and maybe even realize that the folks behind the product are
just like them.
 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
• Write decent descriptions
• Whatever you're posting, write a decent description. That includes category
pages and informative details about your post. Also tags that will help in
archiving posts.
 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
• Don't be ashamed
• Your content is your work. Show it proudly.
• The content of your post should be attractive enough for your readers.
• Make it appealing and easy to read.

Good Example Bad Example

 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
• Guide me when I'm lost
• Please don't redirect your readers to a category page without any
explanation.
• If your reader search something that no longer exist, and click the description,
Show a prompt or note saying a "Sorry, this post is no longer available. But
you might like..." and display list of recommended post that is related to what
the user is searching for.
 Ways on how to Manage Online Content
• Get to work
• Practice user experience optimization through content.
• By "optimization," or "optimal combination of promotional and informational
content."
• Content optimization drives interest, engagement and yes, rankings.
• It also takes visitors from transactional to loyal.
 Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
• Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 is the term given to describe a second
generation of the World Wide Web that is focused
on the ability for people to collaborate and share
information online.
• Web 2.0 basically refers to the transition from
static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web
that is more organized and is based on serving Web
applications to users.
• Web 2.0 was previously used as a synonym for
Semantic Web, but while the two are similar, they
do not share precisely the same meaning. Semantic
Web, which is also known as Web 3.0, is an
extension of the current Web that provides an
easier way to find, share, reuse and combine
information.
 Web 2.0
• Elements of Web 2.0
• Wikis - Websites that enable users to contribute, collaborate and edit site
content. Wikipedia is one of the oldest and best-known wiki-based sites.

• The increasing prevalence of Software as a Service (SaaS), web apps and cloud
computing rather than locally-installed programs and services.

• Mobile computing, also known as nomadicity, the trend toward users

connecting from wherever they may be. That trend is enabled by the
proliferation of smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices in conjunction
with readily accessible Wi-Fi networks.
 Web 2.0
• Elements of Web 2.0
• Mash-ups: Web pages or applications that integrate complementary elements
from two or more sources.

• Social networking: The practice of expanding the number of one's business

and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals. Social
networking sites include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+.

• Collaborative efforts based on the ability to reach large numbers of

participants and their collective resources, such as crowdsourcing,
crowdfunding and crowdsource testing.
 Web 2.0
• Elements of Web 2.0
• User-generated content (UGC): Writing, images, audio and video content --
among other possibilities -- made freely available online by the individuals
who create it.

• Unified communications (UC): The integration of multiple forms of call and

multimedia/cross-media message-management functions controlled by an
individual user for both business and social purposes.

• Social curation: The collaborative sharing of content organized around one or

more particular themes or topics. Social content curation sites include Reddit,
Digg, Pinterest and Instagram.
 Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
• Web 3.0
• The term used to describe the evolution of the
Web as an extension of Web 2.0. This definition of
Web 3.0 is the popular view held by Tim O'Reilly.
• In contrast, Nova Spivack defines Web 3.0 as
connective intelligence; connecting data, concepts,
applications and ultimately people.
• While some call the The Semantic Web 'Web 3.0',
Spivack's opinion is that The Semantic Web is just
one of several converging technologies and trends
that will define Web 3.0.
• Web 3.0 will be a complete reinvention of the Web,
something that Web 2.0 was not.
 Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
• User Participation in the Web
• Web 2.0, a catchphrase for the latest generation of Web sites where users
contribute their own text, pictures and video content, is far less participatory
than commonly assumed.
• Web 2.0, a phrase popularized by conference organizer Tim O'Reilly, refers to
the current generation of Web sites that seek to turn viewers into contributors
by giving them tools to write, post, comment and upload their own creative
work.
 Types of Rich and Multimedia Content
• Video and Audio
Video is an electronic medium for the recording,
copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving
visual media. It refers to recording, manipulating, and
displaying moving images, especially in a format that can be
presented on a television. Audio is sound within the
acoustic range available to humans. Audio files are usually
compressed for storage or faster transmission. Audio files
can be sent in short stand-alone segments - for example, as
files in the Wave file format.
 Types of Video File Formats
• AVI (Audio Video Interlaced)
• .AVI files comply to a standard developed by Microsoft and are a very popular
video file format.
• An uncompressed .AVI file is too huge and will be difficult to be transferred
over the Internet. .AVI files are mainly used for editing, as they are compatible
with almost any application; however, they are not much of a video sharing
format.
• Most popular video players can open .AVI files without any issue, and a .AVI
file can be coded using a variety of codecs. Due to this, one .AVI file will differ
completely from another.
 Types of Video File Formats
• FLV (Flash Video Format)
• A Flash video file format is the most common and popular video sharing file
format used over the Internet.
• Almost all browsers are compatible with Flash and can the play the video with
ease. Most online video games are also done in a Flash video format.
• Videos in the .FLV format are high quality even after compression, and that is
one of the major reasons for the popularity of .FLV.
 Types of Video File Formats
• WMV (Windows Media Video)
• The tiniest video files over the Internet are mostly .WMV files.
• Their file size after compression is very small, which results in poor quality. As
a result of this, .WMV files are used for streaming as well as downloading
content over the Internet.
• Windows Media Player is the main application that is used to play .WMV files
 Types of Video File Formats
• MOV (Apple Quick Time Movie)
• MOV is a popular type of video format amongst MAC users.
• .MOV files are of high quality and usually big in size. However, being a popular
MAC format, .MOV files can still be opened with a variety of players available
on PC.
 Types of Video File Formats
• MPEG (Motions Picture Experts Group)
• The Motion Picture Experts Group is an international group that was created
to develop standards for audio and video file formats.
 Types of Video File Formats
• MPEG-4 (.MP4)
• MP4 is a video format mainly used by camcorders and cameras that is gaining
popularity.
• The quality of a video coded using .MP4 is very high and the file size relatively
small.
• .MP4 standard is becoming more popular than .FLV for online video sharing,
as it compatible with both online and mobile browsers and also supported by
the new HTML5.
 Video Resolution
In digital video, resolution means the number of pixels
displayed on screen. Technically speaking there are two types
of resolution:
• Spatial resolution
• Temporal resolution
 Video Resolution
• Spatial resolution means the width and height of the
displayed image, measured in pixels. In other words, the total
number of pixels contained in each individual frame.
• Temporal resolution means the frame rate (number of
frames shown per second), i.e. "resolution over time".

Unless otherwise stated, it's safe to assume that the

term resolution by itself means spatial resolution.
 Types of Audio File Formats
Audio Formats can be broken down into three main
categories. Uncompressed formats, lossless compression
formats, and lossy compression.
 Types of Audio File Formats
• Uncompressed audio formats
• Often referred to as PCM formats.
• Formats that use no compression.
• This means all the data is available, at the risk of large file sizes. A
• WAV audio file is an example of an uncompressed audio file.
 Types of Audio File Formats
• Lossless compression
• It applies compression to an uncompressed audio file, but it doesn't lose
information or degrade the quality of the digital audio file.
• The WMA audio file format uses lossless compression.
 Types of Audio File Formats
• Lossy compression
• This compression will result in some loss of data as the compression algorithm
eliminates redundant or unnecessary information — basically it tosses what it
sees as irrelevant information.
• Lossy compression has become popular online because of its small file size, it
is easier to transmit over the Internet.
• MP3 and Real Audio files uses a lossy compression.
Common Windows-compatible Audio Formats
• MP3 (.mp3)
• MP3 is the name of the file extension and also the name of the type of file for
MPEG, audio layer 3.
• Layer 3 is one of three coding schemes (layer 1, layer 2 and layer 3) for the
compression of audio signals. Layer 3 uses perceptual audio coding and
psychoacoustic compression to remove all superfluous information (more
specifically, the redundant and irrelevant parts of a sound signal. The stuff the
human ear doesn't hear anyway). It also adds a MDCT (Modified Discrete
Cosine Transform) that implements a filter bank, increasing the frequency
resolution 18 times higher than that of layer 2.
• The result in real terms is layer 3 shrinks the original sound data from a CD
(with a bit rate of 1411.2 kilobits per one second of stereo music) by a factor
of 12 (down to 112-128kbps) without sacrificing sound quality.
Common Windows-compatible Audio Formats
• WMA - Windows Media Audio (.wma)
• Short for Windows Media Audio, WMA is a Microsoft file format for encoding
digital audio files similar to MP3 though can compress files at a higher rate
than MP3.
• WMA files, which use the ".wma" file extension, can be of any size
compressed to match many different connection speeds, or bandwidths.
Common Windows-compatible Audio Formats
• WAV (.wav)
• WAV is the format used for storing sound in files developed jointly by
Microsoft and IBM.
• Support for WAV files was built into Windows 95 making it the de facto
standard for sound on PCs.
• WAV sound files end with a .wav extension and can be played by nearly all
Windows applications that support sound.
Common Windows-compatible Audio Formats
• Real Audio (.ra .ram .rm)
• Real Audio is a proprietary format, and is used for streaming audio that
enables you to play digital audio files in real-time.
• To use this type of file you must have RealPlayer (for Windows or Mac), which
you can download for free. Real Audio was developed by RealNetworks.
Common Windows-compatible Audio Formats
• MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface (.mid)
• Short for musical instrument digital interface, MIDI is a standard adopted by
the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and
sound cards, that emit music.
• At minimum, a MIDI representation of a sound includes values for the note's
pitch, length, and volume.
• It can also include additional characteristics, such as attack and delay time.
Common Windows-compatible Audio Formats
• Ogg (.ogg)
• Ogg is an audio compression format, comparable to other formats used to
store and play digital music, but differs in that it is free, open and unpatented.
• It uses Vorbis, a specific audio compression scheme that's designed to be
contained in Ogg.
 Embedding Audio and Video Files
• Embedding a video and audio into a web page used to be a real challenge in
the early days of the web.
• You had different formats to chose from.
• Visitors might not have the proper software installed to see the video.
• Bandwidth was still limited, as many people were still on dialup.
• Embedding a video and audio onto a web page becomes as easy as cutting
and pasting.
• When you visit a site that hosts videos, such as YouTube, you are presented with a video
box on the page.
• You can watch the video directly on the page, or the Flash player allows you to view the
video full screen, just by clicking a button on the player.
• They provide the service, and they also provide the bandwidth, so the video is hosted on
their servers and uses their bandwidth.
 Embedding Audio and Video Files
• Example, when you locate a video you'd like to add to your page on YouTube,
look below the video for a Share button. Click the Embed button which is also
displayed below the video, as shown similar to what is below.
 Embedding Audio and Video Files
• Select the embed code in the box, then right mouse click in that field, and
select Copy from your browser's drop down that will appear when you right
click in the field, as shown here:

• Then, open the source code of your web page, and using your favorite tool
such as NotetabPro or Expression Web, paste it into your page.
The embed code will be thusly deposited into your web page.
 Video on-demand
• Video on demand (VoD) is an interactive TV technology that
allows subscribers to view programming in real time or
download programs and view them later.
• A VoD system at the consumer level can consist of a standard
TV receiver along with a set-top box.
• Alternatively, the service can be delivered over the Internet
to home computers, portable computers, high-end cellular
telephone sets and advanced digital media devices.
 Examples of services providing VoD
Netflix

HBO Go

Youtube
 Audio On demand
• Audio On demand (AoD) is the ability to start delivering an
audio program to an individual Web browser whenever the
user requests it.
 Examples of services providing AoD
Spotify

Xbox Music

Spinnr
 Online Games
• An online game is a video game that is either
partially or primarily played through the Internet
or another computer network.
• Online games are ubiquitous on modern gaming
platforms, including PCs, consoles and mobile
devices, and span many genres, including first-
person shooters, strategy games and massively
multiplayer online role-playing games
(MMORPG).
• Online games have attracted players from a
variety of ages, nationalities, and occupations.
Online game content can also be studied in
scientific field, especially gamers' interactions
within virtual societies in relation to the behavior
and social phenomena of everyday life.
 End User License Agreement
• Online gamer must agree to an End-user license
agreement (EULA) when they first install the game
application or an update.
• EULA is a legal contract between the producer or
distributor and the end-user of an application or software,
which is to prevent the program from being copied,
redistributed or hacked.
• The consequences of breaking the agreement vary
according to the contract.
• Players could receive warnings to termination, or direct
termination without warning. In the 3D immersive world
Second Life where a breach of contract will append the
player warnings, suspension and termination depending
on the offense.
 End User License Agreement
• Recent development of gaming governance requires all video games (including online
games) to hold a rating label.
• The voluntary rating system was established by the Entertainment Software Rating
Board (ESRB). A scale can range from:
• "E" (stands for Everyone) inferring games that is suitable for both children and adults.
• "M" (stands for Mature) recommending games that is restricted to age above 17.
• Some explicit online game can be rated "AO" (stands for Adult Only), identifying games that
content suitable for adults over age of 18.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO)
• These games are played over a LAN (local area
network) or via the Internet.
• Players use a network and interact with other
players in the virtual game room.
• You can play against people from all over the
world.
• The creation of these games involves thousands
of hours of programming, giving you, the player,
the most amazing gaming experience possible.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Simulations
• These games involve taking control of real-world
vehicles, including tanks, ships, and aircraft.
• You learn how to control these vehicles, and use
simulation games that can also be used to train
professionals.
• In fact, many pilots are trained using airplane
simulators before they actually take flight.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Adventure
• These are usually single player games, and are
often set in fantasy or adventure worlds.
• You complete puzzles to advance levels.
• The game generally starts with a back story of
your character, and let you know what your
mission is. You have to figure out how to
complete the mission.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Real-Time Strategy (RTS)
• For these games, you usually need to build up
your inventory of items, armies, etc.
• Similar to a strategy game, RTS games move in
real-time, and players can play at once without
taking turns so you can play together at the same
time.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Puzzle
• These games appeal to those who love to solve
difficult puzzles.
• There are many levels, from beginner to expert,
and games usually have coloured shapes and
simple actions.
• These are brain games, with no action involved.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Action
• You need to be fast to enjoy these fast-paced
games, and you need to have excellent reflexes.
• Complete challenges by fighting with enemies,
and use a character of your choice to represent
yourself and jump into the action.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Stealth Shooter
• These tend to be war games or spy-based games,
where you use stealth to defeat your enemies.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Combat
• Fight one on one with opponents, up close and
personal.
• You need good reflexes, and the ability to use the
controls for all kinds of fighting moves.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• First Person Shooters (FPS)
• You are the protagonist, and the game is viewed
through your eyes.
• You can really get into these games. The only
downfall is that you are not able to see how you
look in the game, because you are seeing things
through your own eyes.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Sports
• Play real-world sports like baseball, basketball,
soccer, and more.
• As you work up through the various skill levels,
your game will involve mimicking real
professional athletes and how they move.
• The most popular sports games are usually based
around specific popular sporting events.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Role-Playing (RPG)
• If you love fantasy, you will love role-playing
games. You get to act out the part of the main
character, be the hero, etc., and make decisions
that go along with the games’ story lines. Many of
these games have narrative guides.
 Various Computer Game Genres
• Educational
• While many parents and teachers complain about
video games, there are some great educational
games out there that can help with the learning
process.
• Train in a variety of subjects, using games to
make learning fun instead of boring.
• There are testing functions, where you can
answer multiple choice questions.
• The most common types of education games are
for math, science, and ICT.
 Online Educational Tools
• Online Assessment
• Online assessment is used primarily to measure
cognitive abilities, demonstrating what has been
learned after a particular educational event has
occurred, such as the end of an instructional
unit or chapter.
• When assessing practical abilities or to
demonstrate learning that has occurred over a
longer period of time an online portfolio (or
ePortfolio) is often used.
• The first element that must be prepared when
teaching an online course is assessment.
Assessment is used to determine if learning is
happening, to what extent and if changes need
to be made.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Independent work
• Most students will not complete assignments unless there is an assessment
(i.e. motivation).
• It is the instructors role to catalyze student motivation.
• Appropriate feedback is the key to assessment, whether or not the
assessment is graded.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Group work
• Students are often asked to work in groups.
• With this brings on new assessment strategies.
• Students can be evaluated using a collaborative learning model in which the
learning is driven by the students and/or a cooperative learning model where
tasks are assigned and the instructor is involved in decisions.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Pre-testing
• Prior to the teaching of a lesson or concept, a student can complete an online
pretest to determine their level of knowledge.
• This form of assessment helps determine a baseline so that when a
summative assessment or post-test is given, quantitative evidence is provided
showing that learning has occurred.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Formative assessment
• Formative assessment is used to provide
feedback during the learning process.
• In online assessment situations, objective
questions are posed, and feedback is
provided to the student either during or
immediately after the assessment.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Summative assessment
• Summative assessments provide a quantitative grade and are often given at
the end of a unit or lesson to determine that the learning objectives have
been met.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Practice Testing
• With the ever-increasing use of high-stakes testing in the educational arena,
online practice tests are used to give students an edge.
• Students can take these types of assessments multiple times to familiarize
themselves with the content and format of the assessment.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Surveys
• Online surveys may be used by
educators to collect data and
feedback on student attitudes,
perceptions or other types of
information that might help
improve the instruction.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Evaluations
• This type of survey allows
facilitators to collect data and
feedback on any type of situation
where the course or experience
needs justification or
improvement.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Performance testing
• The user shows what they know
and what they can do.
• This type of testing is used to show
technological proficiency, reading
comprehension, math skills, etc.
• This assessment is also used to
identify gaps in student learning.
 Types of Online Assessment
• Group work
• Students are often asked to work in groups.
• With this brings on new assessment strategies.
• Students can be evaluated using a collaborative learning model in which the
learning is driven by the students and/or a cooperative learning model where
tasks are assigned and the instructor is involved in decisions.
 Online Courseware
• Courseware is educational material intended as kits for teachers or trainers or as
tutorials for students, usually packaged for use with a computer.
• Courseware can encompass any knowledge area, but information technology
subjects are most common.
• Courseware is frequently used for delivering education about the personal
computer and its most popular business applications, such as word processing and
spreadsheet programs.
• Courseware is also widely used in information technology industry certification
programs, such as the Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) and the
Computing Technology Industry Associaton‘s A+ examination.
• Mapua will also have its online courses too, with the help of Moodle, Canvas and
Blackboard.
 Online Courseware
• Courseware can include:
• Material for instructor-led classes
• Material for self-directed
computer-based training (CBT)
• Web sites that offer interactive
tutorials
• Material that is coordinated with
distance learning, such as live
classes conducted over the
Internet
• Videos for use individually or as
part of classes
 Webcasting
• A webcast uses streaming media technology to take a single content source and
distribute it to many simultaneous listeners/viewers.
• The term webcasting is usually reserved for referring to non-interactive linear
streams or events.
• Webcasting is also used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations
presentations (such as Annual General Meetings), in E-learning (to transmit
seminars), and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does
not bear much, if any, relationship to the idea of web conferencing which is
designed for many-to-many interaction.
• Other kinds of webcasting may feature Powerpoint type presentations combined
with real-time audio from the primary presenter or a presenting team.
 Self-service webcasting
• Self-service webcasting offers individuals or businesses access to enterprise-grade
webcasting, publishing, editing and analytics tools so they can host their own
webcasts using their existing technology.
• At its simplest explanation, a webcast is a broadcast of video, audio or both over
the internet.
 Self-service webcasting
• Self-service Webcasting:
• Automated Publishing and Editing - Once you’ve
finished your webcast, it’s immediately available for
publication for on-demand viewing. It even uses the
same URL as your live event. And we provide built-in
editing tools to crop video, audio or PowerPoint
slides, and you can even upload additional slides and
video clips after your webcast has ended.
• Use What You Have - Our webcasting technology
turns all of your existing video and audio
infrastructure into broadcasting equipment. Use
your existing video conferencing unit, webcam,
encoder, studio or telephone to conduct your
event—no additional investment required.
• Measure Success - Finally, ensure that you’re
maximizing your ROI with instant access to
attendance metrics, survey results, Q&A and testing
and certification.
 Game-casting
• A complex issue in the modern college and university is that of appropriate
communication technology within the bounds of federal and state communication
regulations.
• A popular form of technology is that of the gamecasting, especially in athletics,
where a sports fan can stay current with a particular sports event through the web,
pager or cell phone in pseudo real time.
 Game-casting
• There are two main types of casting, though they aren’t mutually
exclusive:
• Play-by-play casting
• It involves giving a running commentary of the action as it happens in real-time.
• The nature of great play-by-play casting requires a quick mind, articulate speech, and
strong knowledge of what’s going on.
• Color casting
• Also known as analytical casting, fills the gaps when there isn’t much play-by-play action.
• Many color commentators are experts who can provide in-depth analysis of strategies
while other forms of color commentary exist in the form of statistics, background
information, and humor.
 How to be a Good Game Caster
• Learn the Game Inside and Out
• An Game caster cannot succeed if they don’t know the game.
• In fact, learning the depths of a game actually provides fuel for your casting.
Not only do you know what to talk about, you can connect the dots between
gameplay and meta-gameplay, resulting in a richer broadcast for viewers. You
don’t have to be an analyst, but you should still have some insight.
• Once you’ve learned the mechanics, you’ll then want to learn about factors
outside the game.
• Who are the players?
• What are their stories?
• Are there any rivalries or drama going on?
• What’s at stake in the given match?
 How to be a Good Game Caster
• Master Your Tools and Software
• If you’re trying to break into the Game casting scene, you’re probably a one-
man team. Until you can find someone who can handle the technical details
on your behalf , you’ll need to handle them yourself.
• First, you need to pick your casting medium.
• Are you going to stream live on Twitch?
• will you be making after-the-fact commentaries on YouTube?
• if you’re so inclined, you could choose to do audio-only commentary in a format similar
to a podcast.
• Once you know the medium, you can pick the right software.
 How to be a Good Game Caster
• Master Your Tools and Software
• Make sure you have enough hardware power. Live streaming video requires
quite a bit of CPU and GPU strength, especially if you want good quality (at
least 720p).
• You’ll also need a fast Internet connection that’s at least 1.5 Mbps upload.
• A microphone or headset with good audio quality is also a must. At the very
least, captured audio should be crisp and clear without any static, buzzing, or
other artifacts that are harsh on the ears.
 How to be a Good Game Caster
• Produce New Content Regularly
• Take a step back and put yourself in your (future) audience’s shoes.
• Which casters and streamers do you watch the most?
• Which ones develop the widest reputations?
• Are they the ones who put out a new video/stream every few weeks? No way. The ones
who gain the most traction are those who cast day in and day out.
• Ideally, you should create a new video/stream every single day. However, not
everyone has the time to live up to an ideal, especially when they’re just
starting out. In that case, you should decide on a content production schedule
(e.g., every Monday and Friday) and stick with it diligently.
 How to be a Good Game Caster
• Be Scared, Be Bold, Be Humble
• At the end of the day, successful Game-casting is about overcoming mental
hurdles. Anyone can learn the mechanics of a game, how to talk like a
commentator, and how to use the right equipment – as long as they keep a
right mind.
• Be scared – Game-casting is public speaking and public speaking can be terrifying. It’s
okay to be scared. Allow yourself to be.
• Be bold - Don’t let your fears stop you. Don’t be afraid to be yourself. Don’t hesitate to
promote yourself whenever appropriate.
• Be humble - There’s always room for improvement, even after you think you understand
everything there is to know about casting. Whether constructive or not, listen to
whatever criticisms come your way.
 Pod-casting
• First mentioned by Ben Hammersley in a 2004 Guardian newspaper article in
which he rattled off possible names for this booming new medium, the “pod” of
podcast is borrowed from Apple’s “iPod” digital media player; and the “cast”
portion of podcast is taken from Radio’s “broadcast” term.
• As a matter of clarity, just because it’s named after Apple’s iPod, does not
necessarily mean that you have to own or use an iPod — or any portable digital
media player for that matter — to enjoy a podcast.
• Usually reffered as “Internet Radio On-Demand.” It’s similar in that you can usually
listen to it on your computer — but it’s more than that.
• Podcasts can be produced by just about anyone wanting to share and
communicate with the world.
• Anyone can create a podcast. All over the world, people are creating podcasts on
subjects ranging from movies, to technology, to music, to politics and whatever
else you can think of.
 Pod-casting
• The cost to start podcasting is so low that anyone can do it.
• Podcasters are creating very raw and real content and listeners are responding.
Free from corporate radio and broadcast regulations, you can create whatever
kind of show you can imagine.
• Some podcasts are “talk show” style. Others introduce you to the latest bands and
music. With podcasts you can stay current on the news, get a glimpse into
someone’s life, listen to move reviews.
 Popularity of Podcasts
• Podcast can be automatically downloaded to your computer and synced to your
MP3 player. This ease and convenience of this automatic delivery is powerful. This
is what sets podcasting apart and made it so popular.
• Most Podcasts Are Free. You Can Subscribe to as Many as You Want.
• Most Podcasts Don’t Even Have Commercials.
• You Only Receive the Podcasts that You Subscribe To. There’s No SPAM Like With
Email.
 Characteristics of Podcasts

• The podcatcher regularly checks the feed for new content that has been posted.
• With podcasts, you're in control.
• You can rewind a podcast. You can play it over and over. You can pause it. You can
store it wherever you want. You can delete it when you want. Podcasts give you
the control.
• You can listen to podcasts on your computer, burn them to CD or transfer them to
your MP3 player. You're in control of when and how you listen.
 Vodcasting
• A step beyond podcasting, vodcasting, also called video podcasting or vlogging or
Video-On-Demand-casts, adds video to the downloadable sound files podcast
listeners are used to.
• Download the video files is a simple matter of subscribing to a vodcast in one of
the many freely available directory programs.
• After downloading and saving them to a portable video player, users can choose
when and where they want to watch the video, making them independent of
television programming schedules.
• Vodcasts' large file size makes a flat rate, broadband Internet connection a
necessity to speed up downloads and keeps costs down.
• Vodcasting:
Step 1: Determine the content, what do you want to say or what do your audience want to say.
Step 2: Gather the necessary equipment. You will need a digital video recorder such as the Flip Mino.
Step 3: Make sure your recorder is charged and ready to go.
Step 4: Record your content. Don't worry if you mess up, keep going, you can edit that out later.
Step 5: Once you are finished, plug the digital video recorder into your computer and download the
video into either Windows Movie Maker or iMovie.
Step 6: Edit your video file
Step 7: Save the edited video to a location you can find later such as a folder in your My Documents
folder or on your desktop called "Vodcasts". In Windows Movie Maker you will need to "Publish
Movie" for it to be saved in a Windows Media Player format.
Step 8: Upload the file to a website such as the ones listed below.
• iTunes
• TeacherTube
• School Tube
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