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Column Theory - Column Strength Curve

1) A W12x50 column with a pinned-pinned condition is analyzed to support a load of 145 kips over a length of 20 feet. The calculated critical buckling load is 278.9 kips, which exceeds the applied load, indicating the column is stable. 2) The same column with a pinned-fixed condition results in a critical buckling load of 63.248 kips, which is less than the applied load, indicating the column is unstable. 3) Column design involves calculating the critical buckling stress or load and comparing it to the applied load or stress using appropriate resistance factors or safety factors depending on the design method (LRFD or ASD).

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539 views17 pages

Column Theory - Column Strength Curve

1) A W12x50 column with a pinned-pinned condition is analyzed to support a load of 145 kips over a length of 20 feet. The calculated critical buckling load is 278.9 kips, which exceeds the applied load, indicating the column is stable. 2) The same column with a pinned-fixed condition results in a critical buckling load of 63.248 kips, which is less than the applied load, indicating the column is unstable. 3) Column design involves calculating the critical buckling stress or load and comparing it to the applied load or stress using appropriate resistance factors or safety factors depending on the design method (LRFD or ASD).

Uploaded by

Marnie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Column Theory - Column Strength Curve

Example I

A W12x50 is used as a column to support a compressive load of 145 kips.


The length is 20 ft and the ends are pinned. Without regard to LRFD or
ASD investigate the stability of the column

For a W12x50

Minimum r  ry  1.96 in.


L L 20(12)
Maximum    122.4
r ry 1.96
 2 EA  2 (29,000)(14.6)
Pcr    278.9 kips
L r 
2
122.4 2

Pcr  278.9 kips  145 kips OK – Column is Stable


Example I

A W12x50 is used as a column to support a compressive load of 145 kips.


The length is 20 ft the bottom is fixed and the top is free. Without regard
to LRFD or ASD investigate the stability of the column

For a W12x50

Minimum r  ry  1.96 in.


L L 20(12)
Maximum    122.4
r ry 1.96
 2 EA  2 (29,000)(14.6)
Pcr    63.248 kips
KL r 
2
(2.1)(122.4) 
2

Pcr  63.248 kips  145 kips NG – Column is Unstable


AISC Requirements

CHAPTER E pp 16.1-32

Nominal Compressive Strength

Pn  Fcr Ag
AISC Eqtn E3-1
AISC Requirements

LRFD
Pu  c Pn

Pu  Sum of factored loads


c  resistance factor for compressio n  0.90

c Pn  design compressiv e strength


AISC Requirements

ASD
Pn
Pa 
c
Pa  Sum of service loads
c  safety factor for compressio n  1.67

Pn c  allowable compressiv e strength


AISC Requirements

ASD – Allowable Stress


f a  Fa

f a  computed axial compressiv e stress  Pa Ag

Fa  allowable axial compressiv e stress


Fcr Fcr
   0.6 Fcr
c 1.67
To compute Fcr – ELASTIC BUCKLING

 2 EA
Pe 
KL r 2

Pe  2E
Fe  
 
2
(AISC Eq. E3 - 4)
A KL
r

Recall Assumptions
Assumptions

• Column is perfectly straight

• The load is axial, with no eccentricity

• The column is pinned at both ends


To compute Fcr – ELASTIC BUCKLING

Pe  2E
Fe  
 
2
(AISC Eq. E3 - 4)
A KL
r

Fcr  0.877Fe
Accounts for Imperfections
To compute Fcr – INELASTIC BUCKLING

 2 Et A
Pe 
KL r 2

 Fy


Fcr  0.658 Fe  Fy
 
 
Design Strength
Alternatively

 2E
Fe  
KL r  2

KL  2E

r Fe
KL E
 4.71
r Fy
Fe  0.44 Fy
 2E E
 4.71 Inelastic Buckling
Fe Fy
In Summary

 Fy
 KL E

 0.658 F 
e
Fy if  4.71

  r Fy



Fcr   or Fe  0.44 Fy




 0.877 Fe otherwise

KL
 200
r
Example

A W14x74 of A992 steel has a length of 20 feet and pinned ends.


Compute the design strength for LRFD and the allowable compressive
strength for ASD

Slenderness Ratio

E 29,000
4.71  4.71  113
Fy 50
KL KL (1)( 20)(12)
Maximum    96.77  200
r ry 2.48

KL E
 4.71  Inelastic Buckling
r Fy
Example

 E
2
 (29,000)
2
Fe    30.56 ksi
KL r 2
96.77 2

Fy 50
Fcr  0.658 Fe
 0.658 30.56
 25.21 ksi

Pn  Fcr Ag  25.21(21.8)  549.6 kips


Example

Pn  Fcr Ag  25.21(21.8)  549.6 kips

LRFD

c Pn  0.9 Fcr Ag  (0.9)549.6  495 kips


ASD

Fa  0.6Fcr  (0.6)( 25.21)  15.31 ksi

Fa Ag  15.31(21.8)  330 kips

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