Pipe specials

Pipe specials
1. Elbow
2. Coupling
3. Union
4. Reducer
5. Olets
6. Tee
7. Cross
8. Cap
9. Plug
10.Nipple
11.Barb
 Elbow
• An elbow is a pipe fitting
installed between two lengths
of pipe or tubing to allow a
change of direction, usually a
90° or 45° angle, though 22.5°
elbows are also made.
• The ends may be machined for
butt welding, threaded (usually
female), or socketed, etc.
• When the two ends differ in
size, the fitting is called a
reducing elbow or reducer
elbow.
• A 90 degree elbow is also called
a "90 bend" or "90 ell". It is a
fitting which is bent in such a
way to produce 90 degree
change in the direction of flow
in the pipe.
• It is used to change the direction
in piping and is also sometimes
called a "quarter bend“
• The main application of an
elbow (90 degree) is to connect
hoses to valves, water pressure
pumps, and deck drains. These
Short radius or regular 45°
elbows can be made from tough
elbow (copper)
nylon material or NPT thread.
• A 45 degree elbow is also
called a "45 bend" or "45
ell".
• It is commonly used in
water supply facilities, food
industrial pipeline networks,
chemical industrial pipeline
networks, electronic
industrial pipeline networks,
air conditioning facility
pipeline, agriculture and
garden production
Long radius or sweep 90°
transporting system, elbow (copper)
pipeline network for solar
energy facility, etc.
 Coupling
• A coupling connects two pipes
to each other.
• If the size of the pipe is not the
same, the fitting may be called a
reducing coupling or reducer, or
an adapter.
• By convention, the term
"expander" is not generally used
for a coupler that increases pipe
size; instead the term "reducer"
is used. There are two different
types of couplings: slip and
regular couplings
 Union
• A union is similar to a coupling,
except it is designed to allow
quick and convenient
disconnection of pipes for
maintenance or fixture
replacement.
• While a coupling would require
either solvent welding,
soldering or being able to
rotate with all the pipes
adjacent as with a threaded
coupling, a union provides a
simple transition, allowing easy
connection or disconnection at
any future time.
• A standard union pipe is made in three parts consisting of a
nut, a female end, and a male end.
• When the ends are joined, the nut then provides the
necessary pressure to seal the joint. Since the mating ends
of the union are interchangeable, changing of a valve or
other device can be achieved with a minimum loss of time.
• Pipe unions are essentially a type of flange connector
• In addition to standard, simple unions, other types of union
exist:
– Dielectric unions
– Rotary unions
 Reducer
• A reducer allows for a
change in pipe size to meet
hydraulic flow requirements
of the system, or to adapt to
existing piping of a different
size.
• Reducers are usually
concentric but eccentric
reducers are used when
required to maintain the
same top- or bottom-of-pipe
level
 Olets
• Whenever branch connections are required in
size where reducing tees are not available
and/or when the branch
• connections are of smaller size as compared to
header size, olets are generally used.
 Tee
• A tee is the most common pipe fitting. It is available
with all female thread sockets, all solvent weld
sockets, or with opposed solvent weld sockets and a
side outlet with female threads.
• It is used to either combine or split a fluid flow. It is
a type of pipe fitting which is T-shaped having two
outlets, at 90° to the connection to the main line.
• It is a short piece of pipe with a lateral outlet.
• A tee is used for connecting pipes of different
diameters or for changing the direction of pipe runs.
• They are made of
various materials and
available in various sizes
and finishes. They are
extensively used in
pipeline networks to
transport two -phase
fluid mixtures
• They are categorized as:
– Equal
– Unequal
 Cross
• A cross has one inlet and three
outlets, or vice versa. They often
have solvent welded socket ends
or female threaded ends.
• Cross fittings can generate a huge
amount of stress on pipe as
temperature changes, because
they are at the center of four
connection points.
• A tee is more steady than a cross,
as a tee behaves like a three-
legged stool, while a cross behaves
like a four-legged stool.
• Crosses are common in fire
sprinkler systems.
 Cap
• A type of pipe fitting, usually liquid
or gas tight, which covers the end
of a pipe.
• A cap is used like plug, except that
the pipe cap screws or attaches on
the male thread of a pipe.
• A cap may have a solvent weld
socket end or a female threaded
end and the other end closed off. In
plumbing systems that use threads,
the cap has female threads.
• Industrial caps can be round,
square, rectangular, U-shaped, I-
shaped and may have a round hand
grip or a flat hand grip.
 Plug
• A plug closes off the end of a
pipe. It is similar to a cap but it
fits inside the fitting it is mated
to. In a threaded iron pipe
plumbing system, plugs have
male threads.
• Some of the popular types of
plugs are:
– Mechanical pipe plug
– Pneumatic disk pipe plug
– Single size pneumatic all rubber
pipe plug
– Multi-size pneumatic pipe plug
– Multi-size flow-through pipe plug
– High pressure pipe plug
 Nipple
• A short stub of pipe, usually
threaded steel, brass,
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
(CPVC) or copper; occasionally
just bare copper.
• A nipple is defined as being a
short stub of pipe which has
external male pipe threads at
each end,for connecting two
other fittings.
• Nipples are commonly used for
plumbing and hoses, and
second as valves for funnels
and pipes.
 Barb
• A "barb" or "hose barb" fitting is
used to connect flexible hose or
tubing to pipes.
• A barb fitting typically has a
male-threaded end used to mate
with female threads.
• The other end of the fitting has
either a single- or multiple-
barbed tube having a tapered
stub with ridges, which is
inserted into a flexible hose to
secure it.
• An adjustable worm drive screw clamp or other
type of clamp is often added, to help to keep the
hose from slipping off the barbed tube.
• Barb fittings can be made of brass for hot water
applications, while plastic may be used for cold
water; brass is considered more robust and
durable for heavy-duty use. The barb fitting can
be either elbow-shaped or straight.
 Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plum
bing_fitting