University School of Business

Department: MBA
Master of Business Administration
Subject Name: Computer Applications for Business
Code:BAT-608

Computer Fundamentals DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Computer
Fundamentals
Course Outcome
CO Title Level
Number

CO1 Computer Definitions and its Applications Remember

CO1 Components of Computer and Basic Diagram Understand

CO1 Input and output devices working Understand

CO1 Characteristics ,Types and Generations of Computers Understand

CO1 Operating System & Its functions Questionnaires Exploring

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 INPUT STORAGE OUTPUT
UNIT UNIT UNIT
Computer and its
Components
ARITHME
TIC
LOGIC
Basic Diagram Includes :
UNIT
Input Unit
Output Unit
Storage Unit CONTROL
UNIT
Central Processing Unit
Control Unit

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 Computer Definition

• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or

data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
• You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and browse
the Web. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting,
database management, presentations, games, and more.
• An electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data)
in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in
accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural
instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information
or signals.
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Five Basic Operations
The computer performs basically five major operations :
• It accepts data or instruction by way of input,
• It stores data,
• It can process data as required by the user,
• It gives results in the form of output, and
• It controls all operations inside a computer.

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Components of a Computer System
• Computer hardware: Hardware is any part of your computer that has
a physical structure. Includes CPU, memory, I/O device.
• Software: Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware
what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to
accomplish each task. Some examples of software include web
browsers, games, and word processors such as Microsoft Word.
• Data: Data in the computer may be representing numbers, characters,
graphics etc. but is always kept in a form that the hardware and
software can manipulate.

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Input Unit Example of Input Unit

Input unit performs following functions:

• It accepts data and instructions from the user.
• It converts that data in computer acceptable form i.e. binary form.
• It supplies the converted data to computer for further processing.
Keyboard Mouse

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Storage Unit
• The process of saving data permanently in the computer is known as
Storage.
• Storage unit is used to store data before and after processing. Intermediate
results of processing are also stored.
• Storage unit is comprised of following two types of storage:
a) Primary Storage: It is known as main memory which holds that
information on which computer is currently working. It is volatile
memory i.e. data is lost when the power is switched off.
b) Secondary Storage: It is known as auxiliary storage which stores data
permanently. It is non-volatile in nature i.e. it can retain data when the
power is turned off.

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Example of Storage Unit

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Output Unit
Output unit performs following functions:
• It accepts the result produced by computer.
• It converts that result to human readable form.
• It supplies the converted result to the user.
Example of Output Unit

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
It acting as the brain of the computer. CPU takes data from the storage unit
and processes it.

CPU has two parts:

a) ALU.
b) CU.
CPU takes data from the storage unit and processes it. It acting as the brain
of the computer.

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a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
The actual processing of data is done by ALU. ALU is used to
perform the arithmetic and logical operations. ALU performs the
following major operations:
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Logical
• Comparison

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b) Control Unit (CU):
• The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs
and instructions are executed.
• The control unit is the manager of all computer operations.
• It manages and co-ordinates the entire computer system.

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Characteristics of Computer
• Automatic: Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human
interventions.
• Speed: Computer can perform data processing jobs very fast, usually measured in
microseconds (10-6), nanoseconds (10-9), and picoseconds (10-12).
• Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of its
accuracy depends upon its design. Computer errors caused due to incorrect input
data or unreliable programs are often referred to as Garbage-In-Garbage-Out
(GIGO).
• Diligence: Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration.
It can continuously work for hours without creating any error and without
grumbling.
• Power of Remembering: Computer can store and recall any amount of
information because of its secondary storage capability . it can retain a piece of
information as long as a user desire.
• No Feelings: Computers are devoid of emotions. Their judgement is based on the
instructions given to them in the form of programs that are written by us (human
beings).
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Generation of Computers

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TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

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Software its Types
• Software: Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware
what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to
accomplish each task. Some examples of software include web
browsers, games, and word processors such as Microsoft Word.
Types of Software-
• System Software -Operating System
• Application Software

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System Software-
• The System Software consist of the Operating System and all the utilities
that enable the computer to function.
• System software actually controls the hardware so that application software
can perform any action or task.
Types of System Software-
• Operating System
• Utilities
• Language Translators

EXAMPLES-
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter and etc

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Operating System-Functions
• Operating System is software, which makes a computer to actually work and
allows a user to run other application on a computer device.
• Supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks and controlling
peripherals.
• The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
• OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine
hardware.
• Controls and manages the computing resources.
Examples:
• Windows, Unix, MSDOS, LINUX, etc

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Operating System Services & Functions
Important Services Functions
Security: prevent unauthorized users File,Device,Memory and Applications
from accessing the system Management

Commands to manipulate the file system Backup (corrupted or accidentally)

Input and output on a variety of devices Data recovery (deleted)

Window management Virus protection

Application Support Disk management

Firewalls

Disk cleanup
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Operating SYSTEM
• It is a Organised collection of system programs that together controls
the operation of a computer system.

 The OS has two objectives-

1. Managing hardware
2. Providing an interface

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Types of OS-
1. BATCH PROCESSING OS: This type of OS was first to evolve
and it allowed only one program to run at a time. It was used in
mainframe computers. The programs are held in a queue and are
scheduled according to the priority.
2. MULTI-USER or TIME-SHARING OS: It allows different users
to access the same data and application program on the same
network.
3. MULTI-PROGRAMMING OS: In this more than one process
(task) can be executed concurrently.

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REAL-TIME OS (RTOS): This system is designed to respond to an
event within a predetermined time.
Example – used in flight reservation system, railway reservation system.

5. MULTI-PROCESSOR OS: This system can incorporate more than

one processor dedicated to running processes. Parallel processing.

6. EMBEDDED OS: It is self-contained and resident in the ROM.

These are lighter or less resource intensive as compared to general-
purpose Oss.

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FUNCTIONS OF OS-
• Process Management
• Memory Management
• File Management
• Device Management
• Security Management
• User Interface

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Application Software-
• It is used to accomplish specific tasks rather than just managing a
computer system.
• Applications are software's that perform tasks for the user besides
helping the computer operate, which is the task of system software.
• Application software ranges from games, calculators and word
processors.

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Examples-
1. WORD PROCESSORS: It is used to compose, format, edit and
print electronic documents. Eg – MS Word
2. SPREADSHEETS: It provides sheets containing cells, each of
which may contain text and/or numbers, used for accounting
purpose. Eg – MS Excel
3. IMAGE EDITOR: It is used for capturing, creating, editing and
manipulating images. Eg – Adobe Photoshop
4. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: It is used for storage,
modification and extraction of information from a database in an
efficient manner. Eg – MS Access, Oracle

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5. PRESENTATION APPLICATION: Presentation is a means of
expressing ideas in the form of visual images, audio and animation.
Eg – MS PowerPoint.

6. DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE: It is a technique of using

a personal computer to design images and pages, assemble type and
graphics, and then using a laser printer to output the assembled pages
onto a paper film. Eg – Quark Express. Corel Draw,PageMaker,

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Questions
• Define Computer? Draw Basic Diagram?
• List Various Components of Computer?
• Define Hardware & Software?
• List Important Characterises of computer?
• Define the function of input Unit?
• Define the function of output Unit?
• List &Explain Computer Generations?
• Explain advantage and disadvantages of various types of computers?

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 Assessment Pattern

Assessment Based on the Study the Computer System Its Types, Application Area

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 APPLICATIONS

• Office automation.
• Management applications.
• Scientific, Engineering and Research Applications.

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 REFERENCES

• P.K Sinha,Computer Fundamentals,BPB ,New Delhi

• Sanjay Saxena ,”A first Course in Computers”,Vikas Publications
• www.tutorialpoint.com, notes
• V.Rajaraman ,”Fundamentals of Computers, PHI Learning
• Peter Norton Introduction to Computers, Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi

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 THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]