Job role - Wireman Control Panel
Sector - Electronics
Chapter 1:
Basics of Electrical and Electronics
PSS CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, BHOPAL
Content
Chapter 1- Basics of electrical and electronics
• Introduction to electricity
• Source of electricity
• Energy foundation
• Type of electricity
• Electrical Quantities
• Electrical circuit
• Ohm’s Law
• Kirchhoff’s Law
Introduction to Electricity
• Electricity is flow of charges. More the
charges more will be the electricity.
• Charges are due to the presence of
sub-atomic particles i.e. electrons, protons.
• Atoms are the smallest building block of metal.
Atomic structure includes electron, proton, neutron.
• Natural lightening is an example of electricity
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
“Energy can neither be created nor be
destroyed, it can only change from one
form to another”.
• Different forms of energy
Hydel energy
Thermal energy
Nuclear energy
Solar energy
Wind energy Continue…
Hydel Energy Electrical Energy
Energy Transformation
Hydel Energy to Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy Electrical Energy
Energy Transformation
Nuclear Energy to Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy
Thermal Energy Electrical Energy
Energy Transformation
Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy
ENERGY CONVERSION
Hydel energy Electrical energy
Thermal energy Electrical energy
Nuclear energy Electrical energy
Solar energy Electrical energy
Wind energy Electrical energy
ENERGY FOUNDATION
• All matter is made up of one or more elements.
• Elements which can be broken down into smaller substances.
Example: Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen.
• Smallest unit of element is Atom
Parts of Atom
Proton – Positive charge (+)
Neutron – Neutral (no charge)
Electron – Negative charge (-)
ELECTRIC CHARGE
• Same charges attract each other.
• Opposite charges repel each other.
• One coulomb of charge is equal to 6×10^18 electrons.
TYPES OF ELECTRICITY
Electricity can be classified as:
1. Static electricity
2. Dynamic or current electricity
1.When there is a imbalance of negative and positive
charges in a object i.e. they are static at there place, that
represents static electricity.
2.When the there is flow of charges from one place to
another that represents dynamic electricity.
ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
Electrical quantities are-
• Voltage
• Current
• Resistance
VOLTAGE
Voltage is the potential difference between two points.
Voltage is also the amount of work required to move
one coulomb charge from one point to another point.
V=W/Q
where,
‘V’ is the voltage, ‘W’ is the work in joule, ‘Q’ is
the charge in coulomb
CURRENT
Flow of electrons is called current. These electrons carry
charge. The unit of current is ampere (A). The symbolic
representation of current is ‘I’ or ‘i’. ‘I’ is
for DC current and ‘i’ is for AC current.
I= Q / t
Classification of Current
1. Direct current (DC)
2. Alternating current (AC)
Direct current: It is unidirectional in nature that is
movement of electrons takes place only in one direction.
Batteries and cell are the examples of DC source.
Alternating current: It is bidirectional in nature. The
movement of electrons takes place in two directions i.e.
current flows in two directions. AC generator is an example
of AC voltage sources. Frequency (f) of alternating current
is 50 hertz.
RESISTANCE
It resists the flow of electrons and hence electric
current in the circuit. Conceptually, the resistance
controls the flow of electric current.
It is denoted by ‘R’. Its unit is Ohms
POWER
Electric power, is the rate of doing work i.e., “amount of
work done in one second”. Power is represented by the
symbol ‘P’. The SI unit of power is Watt.
P=VxI
Power factor is the ratio of real power to the apparent
power. Value of power factor varies from 0 to 1. It is
denoted by cos Ø.
Power factor = Real power/Apparent
