Third Republic
Finally, Second World war came to end, the much-
awaited independence was finally granted on July 4, 1946.
Despite some unfavorable conditions prescribed by the
United States , Filipinos have accepted it. The
Administration of President Manuel Roxas suffered
economic difficulties; almost all infrastructure and
government offices were destroyed during the war period.
During the term of president Elpidio Quirino , the center
of program was infrastructure , which contributed to the
development of the economy. The administration of
President Ramon Magsaysay however, was successful in
neutralizing the guerilla movement.
Granting of the Philippine Independence
July 4, 1946- The Treaty of General Relations between United States and the
Philippines was signed.
The presidency was won by Manuel Roxas a Liberty Party.
Philippine – United States Act- one of the controversies faced during the
administration of Manuel Roxas
He also rented 23 sites for military bases to the united states for 99 years.
Despite several strings attached, Filipinos needed to accept The Trade Act,
United States threatened to withhold post World War II rebuilding funds unless
the act was ratified.
Manuel A. Roxas
( May 28, 1946- April 15, 1948)
• The first president of the third Philippine Republic.
• was born on January 1, 1892 in Capiz.
• He took up law at the university of the Philippines and
graduated in 1913.
• In the same year he topped the bar examinations.
• He was first appointed as member of Capiz municipal
council.
• 1922 he was elected congressman.
• In the senatorial election of 1914 he won and eventually
became the senate president.
• July 4, 1946 he was sworn into office as president of the
Philippines .
• April 15, 1948 while at the United States Air force in
Pampanga he died of Heart attack.
Roxas Administration Achievements
A. Political Development During Roxas Administration
Two-Party System
- After the second World War , two-party system came into place. Nacionalista Party
continued its existence while Manuel Roxas formed the Liberal Party.
Peace and Order
• a general amnesty has been granted for those who had collaborated with the
Japanese during the war.
• HUKBALAHAP continued to exist.
B. Economic Development During Roxas Administration
Parity Rights - the united states investors had the right to be treated equals of the
Philippine nationals.
Military Bases-the united states obtained military bases in the Philippines without
any rent for 99 years.
Trade- Roxas, supported by trade statistics admitted the EPA with japan was not slated to bring
bis economic gains to the Philippines immediately.
C. Socio- Cultural Development During Roxas Administration
June 1946- Roxas admitted the futility of his plan “exterminate” the guerillas and attempted to
negotiate an agreement with Luis Taruc.
D. Educational Development During Roxas Administration
The government picked up its emphasis on education and opened schools in even the far-flung
barangays in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
Elpidio Quirino ( April 17, 1948-
December 30, 1953)
• Born on November 16, 1890 in Vigan Ilocos
Sur.
• He took up Law at University of The
Philippines in 1915.
• 1919 beginning of political career.
• 1925 he was elected as senator and reelected
in 1931.
While work as Vice President of the Philippines
he still worked as Secretary of Finance then
Secretary of Foreign affairs.
A. Political Development During Aquino Administration
Battle for Seat in the Senate
• The second time the administration swept the opposition in 1949.
• Elpidio Quirino’s Liberal Party (LP) got all eight Senate seats that were being
contested.
• In 1951 at the middle of Quirino’s administration, a complete reversal of
election result happened.
Mutual Defense Treaty
• The Mutual Defense Treaty was entered into by the Republic of the Philippines.
• The essence of this was mutual help and support; by promoting the principle of
mutual help, the signatories were obliged to aid each other any aggressor,
without prejudice to the individual and collective capacity of the parties to resist
armed attack.
Peace and Order and Corruption
• Supporting communist claims, the election was a signal from the administration for
corruption for corruption to run amuck.
• All forms of government permits and contracts were bought and sold openly, while
favoritism and nepotism spread rapidly throughout the government.
• The Huk Politburo declared existence of the “Revolutionary Situation “ in January 1950,
called for the beginning of the armed overthrow of the government.
B. Economic Development During Quirino Administration
Labor and Trade
• Economic development was slow.
• 1950 Agricultural sector accounted for 23 percent of GNP and slightly more than 45
percent of the labor force.
• 33 percent output came from industries, 15 percent of the labor force.
• 1949, import and foreign exchange controls were imposed to alleviate a balance of payments
problem.
• 1950’s leveled off and did not increase its share of either output or employment.
C. Socio-Cultural Development During Quirino Administration
Insurgency
• Because of president Quirino’s change of Heart, taken out of frustration.
• Army’s forays against the insurgents usually caused few guerilla casualties.
• Military Police Command terrorism and constant demands from soldiers for food and
supplies.
D. Educational Development During Quirino Administration
• Few elementary pupils were enrolled in private schools, about 6 percent
• 63 percent at the secondary level
• Approximately 85 percent at the college level.
The number of religious and private institutions increased despite limited subsidy given by the
government. Religious institutions owned about one-third of the private schools.
Ramon Magsaysay
( December 30,1953- March 17, 1957)
• The third president of the third Philippine
Republic.
• Known as “the guy” and regarded by many as a
man whose heart bleeds for the common man.
• was born on August 31, 1907 in Iba , Zambales
• Began his Mechanical Engineering degree at the
University of the Philippines .
• He finished a business program from the Jose
Rizal College.
• In world war second, he attained prominence as
guerilla leader appointed by Gen. Douglas
McArthur.
• He died in an airplane crash on March 17, 1957 at
