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Introduction To Second Order Circuit: Natural Response of RLC Circuit

This document provides an introduction to second order circuits and discusses their natural response. It outlines the key characteristics of second order circuits, which include being defined by a second order differential equation and consisting of resistors and two energy storage elements. The document then discusses the natural response of RL, RC, and RLC circuits in both series and parallel configurations. It provides examples of calculating the voltage and current in different circuit cases over time.

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Syed Abdullah
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258 views34 pages

Introduction To Second Order Circuit: Natural Response of RLC Circuit

This document provides an introduction to second order circuits and discusses their natural response. It outlines the key characteristics of second order circuits, which include being defined by a second order differential equation and consisting of resistors and two energy storage elements. The document then discusses the natural response of RL, RC, and RLC circuits in both series and parallel configurations. It provides examples of calculating the voltage and current in different circuit cases over time.

Uploaded by

Syed Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 9

Introduction to Second
Order Circuit

Natural Response of RLC Circuit


What does Second Order mean?

• Characterized by a second-order
differential equation.

• Consist of resistors and the equivalent of 2


energy storage elements.
Outline

• Initial and Final Values


– Theory
• RL Circuits
• RC Circuits
• Natural RLC Circuit
– Theory
• Series
• Parallel
Thing’s To Remember

• Carefully handle the polarity of voltage v(t).


• Capacitor voltage & inductor current is always
CONTINOUS
υ(0+) = υ(0-) & i(0+) = i(0-)
where
t = 0-(time just before a switching event)
t = 0+(time just after a switching event)
The switching event take place at t=0.
Example

The switch has been closed for a long time. It is open at t=0.
Find;
(a) i(0+), υ(0+)
(b) di(0+)/dt, dυ(0+)/dt
(c) i(∞), υ(∞)
Solution

(a) i(0+), υ(0+)


If the switch closed a long time before t=0, it means that
the circuit has reach dc state at t = 0. At dc steady state, L
acts like s/c, while C acts like an open circuit.

12
i (0  )  i (0  )   2 A,
42
v(0  )  v(0 )  2i(0 )  4V
Solution

For L,

Obtain υL using KVL

The same I flows through L and C


Solution

(c) i(∞), υ(∞)


For t>0, the cct undergo transience. But a t∞, the
circuit reach steady state again. L(s/c) & C(o/c).

i ()  0 A,
v()  12V
The Source-Free Parallel RLC

2nd order differential


equation
The Source-Free Parallel RLC

 Roots,

s1, s2 = natural frequency(Np/s)


ωo = resonant frequency/undamped natural frequency(rad/s)
α = neper frequency/damping factor (Np/s)
A1 & A2

A1  initial value v(0)

Vo dv(0)
 Io  C 0
R dt
dv(0) (V  RI o )
A2   o
dt RC
CASE(3)
Overdamped Case (α > ωo)
Critically Damped Case (α = ωo)
Underdamped Case (α = ωo)

Roots are complex

where
Example
In the parallel circuit below, find v(t) for t>0,
assuming v(0)=5 V, i(0)=0, L = 1 H, and C=10mF.
Consider these cases: R=1.923 Ω, 5 Ω, and 6.25 Ω.

V(t) = -0.208e-2t + 5.208e-50t V


V(t) = (5 – 5t)e-10t V
V(t) = e-8t (5 cos 6t – 6.67 sin 6t) V
Step 1 – Find α and ωo

Therefore, α < ωo (OVERDAMPED)

vt   A1e  A2e


s1t s2t
Step 2 – Find s1 and s2

s1, 2      o  26  262  102


2 2

  26  576  26  24  2 @ 50

s1= - 2 , s2 = - 50
Therefore,

vt   A1e 2t


 A2e 50t
Step 3 For v(t)

Given, v(0)  5,
vt   A1e  2t
 A2 e 50t

At t  0,
v0  A1e  2( 0)  A2 e 50( 0)
A1  A2  5 1
Step 4 For dv(t)/dt

From the circuit,


Vo dv(0)
 Io  C 0
R dt
dv(0) (Vo  RI o ) (5  1.923(0)
   260
dt RC (1.923)(10m)

 260 2
dv(0)
dt
Step 4 For dv(t)/dt

From the equation,


dv(t )
dt

d
dt
 
A1e  2t  A2 e 50t  2 A1e  2t  50 A2 e 50t

At t  0,

 2 A1  50 A2  3
dv(0)
dt

Substitute (2) into (3)


 2 A1  50 A2  2604
Rearrange,

A1  A2  51
 2 A1  50 A2  260 4 

A1  0.208, A2  5.208

Therefore,

vt   0.208e 2t


 5.208e 50t
V
Step 1 – Find α and ωo

Therefore, α = ωo (CRITICALLY DAMPED)


vt    A1  A2t e t
Step 2 For v(t)

Given, v(0)  5 V,
vt    A1  A2t e t
  A1  A2t e 10t

At t  0,
v0   A1  A2 (0) e 10( 0 )
 A1
A1  5 1
Step 3 For dv(t)/dt

From the circuit,


Vo dv(0)
 Io  C 0
R dt
dv(0) (Vo  RI o ) (5  5(0)
   100
dt RC (5)(10m)

 100  2 
dv(0)
dt
Step 3 For dv(t)/dt

From the equation,


dv(t ) d
dt

dt
 A1  A2t e   A1e 10t  A2te10t 
10t d
dt
 - 10A1  10 A2t  A2 e 10t
At t  0,

 - 10A1  10 A2 (0)  A2 e 10( 0 )  10 A1  A2  3


dv(0)
dt

10 A1  A2  1004
Substitute (2) into (3)
Rearrange,

A1  51
 10 A1  A2  1004

A2  50

Therefore,

vt   5  50t e 10t


V
Step 1 – Find α and ωo

vt   e t
 A1 cos d t  A2 sin d t 

Therefore, α > ωo (UNDERDAMPED)

Use,
Step 2 – Find ωd

d  o    10  8  6 rad/s
2 2 2 2

Therefore,

vt   e 8t
 A1 cos 6t  A2 sin 6t 
Step 3 For v(t)

Given, v(0)  5,
vt   e 8 t
 A1 cos 6t  A2 sin 6t 
At t  0,
v0  e  A1 cos 6(0)  A2 sin 6(0)
8 ( 0 )

A1  5 1
Step 4 For dv(t)/dt

From the circuit,

Vo dv(0)
 Io  C 0
R dt
dv(0) (Vo  RI o ) (5  6.25(0)
   80
dt RC (6.25)(10m)

 80 2
dv(0)
dt
Step 4 For dv(t)/dt

From the equation,


 e  A1 cos 6t  A2 sin 6t   e A1 cos 6t  e 8t A2 sin 6t 
dv(t ) d 8t d 8 t
dt dt dt
 e 8t  6 A1 sin 6t  8 A1 cos 6t  6 A2 cos 6t  8 A2 sin 6t 
At t  0,

 8 A1  6 A2  3
dv(0)
dt

Substitute (2) into (3)


 8 A1  6 A2  804
Rearrange,

A1  51
 8 A1  6 A2  80 4

A2  6.67

Therefore,
vt   e 8t
5 cos 6t  6.67 sin 6t V
Exercise

Find the voltage across the capacitor as a


function of time for t > 0.

v(t )  2.066e 0.5t sin 1.936t

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