Presentation on

“UNIVERSAL SERIAL
BUS(USB)”

DONE BY:
P.SAI LOHITH
17311A04T0
ECE E
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF CABLES
 USB CABLES
 USB SYSTEM
 USB CONNECTORS
 FEATURES
 SECURITY PROTOCOLS
 BENIFITS
 CONCLUSION
PAPER1:TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES, ‘JASMIN NIQUIDULA’
29TH APRIL 2017

INTRODUCTION
 USB (Universal Serial Bus) has become a widely adopted standard to connect battery powered
devices to a computer or dedicated charger. Most cell phones, smartphones, computer tablets, and
other portable battery-powered devices have USB ports that can charge the portable device’s
onboard battery and communicate (when necessary) to the host device/charger. In order to work
properly, the portable device and the charger must be configured to allow the proper charge
current to flow from the charger to the device.
 The evolution of renewable energy products from small, simple lighting devices to larger Solar
Home Systems (SHS) has frequently involved adding a USB charge port. The increasingly larger
batteries in portable USB devices require faster charge currents, and this in turn requires USB
charge ports to be appropriately designed to correctly supply the necessary signals and power
needed by the portable device. Simple 5V power supplied to a USB receptacle is no longer
sufficient to charge many smartphone and tablet devices.
 This Technical Note will describe USB battery charging from the perspective of a Solar Home
System or other renewable energy product seeking to provide power to a battery powered USB
device. Descriptions of current USB specifications, as well as a brief history of the evolution of
the USB standard, will be followed by a discussion of hardware and other considerations. An
emphasis will be placed on smartphone and tablet charging.
 TYPES OF USB CABLES

USB 0.7: Released in November 1994.

USB 0.8: Released in December 1994.
USB 0.9: Released in April 1995.
USB 0.99: Released in August 1995.
USB 1.0: Release Candidate: Released in November 1995.
USB 1.0: Released in January 1996.Specified data rates of 1.5 Mbit/s (Low-
Speed) and 12 Mbit/s (Full-Speed). Does not allow for extension cables or
pass-through monitors (due to timing and power limitations). Few such devices
actually made it to market.
USB 1.1: Released in September 1998.Fixed problems identified in 1.0, mostly
relating to hubs. Earliest revision to be widely adopted.
USB 2.0: Released in April 2000.Added higher maximum speed of 480 Mbit/s
(now called Hi-Speed). Further modifications to the USB specification have been
done via Engineering Change Notices (ECN).
USB 3.0: On September 18, 2007, Pat Gel singer demonstrated USB 3.0 at the Intel
Developer Forum. The USB 3.0 Promoter Group announced on November 17, 2008,
that version 1.0 of the specification has been completed and is transitioned to the
USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF), the managing body of USB specifications. This
move effectively opens the spec to hardware developers for implementation in
future products.
 USB SYSTEM
 Host：only one
 The smartest element in the USB system
 Responsible to the complexity of the protocol to
make devices design simple and low cost.
 Control the media access（no one can access the
bus unless it get an approval required from the
host ).

 Hub：one or more .
 Like the hubs used for computer network.
 Enables many devices to connect to a single USB
port.

 Device：one or more
 Everything in the USB system , which is not a
host , is a device ( include hubs).
 A device may provides one or more USB
functions.
 Has an unique address at the end of the
enumeration process .
USB SYSTEM
 USB CABLES

The original USB 2.0 hardware cable styles consist of plug and receptacle combinations that
have 4 pins and a ground shield (Table 2). +5V VBUS and ground lines supply power, and data
is carried by a twisted wire pair with +D and -D designation. The host connection is made with
a USB Standard-A connector, and device-side connections are made with Standard-B, Mini-B,
and Micro-B connectors . USB 3.0 introduced more data lines and faster speeds which required
additional wires and an expanded plug/receptacle. USB 3.1 followed with increased shielding
requirements on the cable to support yet more speed under the SuperSpeedPlus designation. In
2009, the European Union introduced a specification for a common external power supply
(common EPS) requiring that all mobile phones sold in Europe must accept a Micro USB-B
plug (adaptors can be used to allow other proprietary cables such as Apple’s Lightning
connector).
PIN NAME FUNCTION COLOUR
1 VBUS +5 RED
2 D- DATA WHITE
POSITIVE
3 D+ DATA GREEN
NEGATIVE
4 GND GROUND BLACK
SHELL SHIELD NOISE N\A
REDUCTION
 USB CONNECTORS

HOST/HUB SIDE DEVICE SIDE

USB 2.0
USB-A MINI-B MICRO-B USB-B

USB-A MINI-B MICRO-B USB-B

USB 3.0

USB-A MICRO-B USB-B

 PAPER 2:International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET),May 2014

USB FEATURES

 Single Connector Type: USB replaces all the different legacy connectors with one well- defined, standardized
USB connector for all USB peripheral devices, eliminating the need for different cables and connectors and thus
simplifying the design of the USB devices, So all USB devices can be connected directly to a standard USB port
on a computer.
 Hot-swappable: USB devices can be added while the computer is running. So there is no need to reboot.
 Plug and Play: Operating system software automatically identifies, configures, and loads the appropriate device
driver when a user connects a USB device.
 High performance: USB offers low speed (1.5 Mbit/s), full speed (12 Mbit/s) and high speed (up to 480 Mbit/s)
transfer rates that can support a variety of USB peripherals. USB 3.0 (Super Speed USB) achieves the throughput
up to 5.0 Gbit/s.
 Expandability: Up to 127 different peripheral devices may theoretically be connected to a single bus at one time.
 Power supplied from the bus: USB distributes the power to all connected devices eliminating the need for
external power source for low-power devices. High-power devices can still require their own local power supply.
USB also supports power saving suspend/resume modes.
 Low-cost implementation: Most of the complexity of the USB protocol is handled by the host, which along with
low-cost connection for peripherals makes the design simple and low cost.
USB 3.0
 paper 3:INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,JAN 2016

USB 1.0 VS USB 2.0 VS USB 3.0

 Different Appearance: You can generally tell the difference between USB 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 by color alone.
While the size and shape may be identical, the key is to look at the color of the plastic inside the device. The
USB 1.0 features a white plastic color, while USB 2.0 is black, and the USB 3.0 is blue. Occasionally you may
see red-colored plastic in a USB, but this is used to indicate that the USB will remain active at all times
regardless of whether it’s in standby or sleep mode.
 Data Transfer Rates and Directions:USB 1.0 only had a data transfer speed of 12 Mb per second, but was later
sped up to 480 Mb per second with USB 2.0. 3.0 and 3.1 have since improved upon this speed by bringing it up
to 5 Gb per second and 10 Gb per second, respectively.Also regarding data transfer, the USB 2.0 and older
models are only capable of processing data in a single direction at a time, but newer 3.0 and 3.1 models allow
for data transfer in both directions. This means that data can be sent and received simultaneously with the latest
flash drives, while data can only be sent or received at a time with 2.0 and older. The reason for this is because
the 2.0 uses the half duplex data transmission method whereas the 3.0 and newer use the full duplex data
transmission method.
 Power Levels:USB 2.0 and 3.0 both operate at 5V, 1.8A, but USB 3.1 rose it to 20V, 5A, enabling users to
power up larger devices.Encoding Capabilities USB versions up to 2.0 use Unicode as their encoding method,
while versions 3.0 and higher have begun using 8b/10b encoding.
 Type of Wire and Cable Length:The cable length of USB 2.0 devices can be up to 16’5” at a maximum, but
the length for 3.0 devices can only reach a maximum of 9’10”. If you need to extend the length of these cables,
you’ll need to use a hub or other connection. The wiring inside is also different between the USB generations, as
the 2.0 generation of flash drives has only 4 copper wires, while the 3.0 models contain 9 copper wires.
 POWER AND PERFORMANCE

 USB flash drives consume power from the PC, laptop, and tablets. I often left my flash drive connected
to my Windows tablet but after letting it connected for a long time only the least amount of battery is
used so I wanted to know that how much power does a flash drive consumes. I searched the internet
about this and found these as results.
 While the USB flash drive is idle it will drive the least amount of power from the host and while
writing, the power usage increase to up to 3 times of the idle. USB 1.0 flash drive consumes approx 23
mA while the drive is idle and 34mA while reading or writing data. USB 2.0 flash drive requires 34 mA
power when it’s idle but while writing any data to it consumes 105 mA power from the host. USB 3.0 is
power convenient so it consumes 2.5 W of power while data transfer which is much lower than the
previous versions.
 If you keep the flash drive connected only till the transfer completes then you might save more because
if the transfer rate is low as in USB 1.0 or 1.1 then it will take more time to transfer the data and you
need to get it connected for more time than USB 2.0 or 3.0 flash drive, which means it will take less
power.
 The conclusion is that if you want to save more battery out of your tablet or laptop then you should use
USB 3.0 flash drives and don’t let it connected to your tablet or laptop for a long time.
 SPECIFICAONS

 There are now four USB specifications — USB 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 3.1 — in addition to the new USB-C connector. We’ll
point out where they significantly differ, but for the most part, we’ll focus on USB 3.0, as it’s the most common. In a
USB network, there is one host and one device. In almost every case, your PC is the host, and your smartphone, tablet, or
camera is the device. Power always flows from the host to the device, although data can flow in both directions, such as
when you copy files back and forth between your computer and your phone.
 Okay, now the numbers. A regular USB 1.0 or 2.0 socket has four pins, and a USB cable has four wires. The inside pins
carry data (D+ and D-), and the outside pins provide a 5-volt power supply. USB 3.0 ports add an additional row of five
pins, so USB 3.0-compatible cables have nine wires. In terms of actual current (milliamps or mA), there are three kinds
of USB port dictated by the current specs: a standard downstream port, a charging downstream port, and a dedicated
charging port. The first two can be found on your computer (and should be labeled as such), and the third kind applies to
“dumb” wall chargers.
 USB-C is a different connector entirely. It’s universal; you can put it in either way and it will work, unlike with USB, and
like Apple’s Lightning connector. USB-C is also capable of twice the theoretical throughput of USB 3.0, and can output
more power. Apple joined USB-C wired-down computer remain active. You may have noticed this on your desktop PC,
where there’s always some power flowing through the motherboard, but some laptops are also capable of sleep-and-
charge.
 Now, this is what the spec dictates. But there are plenty of USB chargers that don’t conform to these specs — mostly of
the wall-wart variety. Apple’s iPad charger, for example, provides 2.1A at 5V; Amazon’s Kindle Fire charger outputs
1.8A; and many car chargers can output anything from 1A to 2.1A.
paper 4:INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAN 2016

SECURITY PROTOCOLS FOR USB DRIVES

 In this project, a data transfer between pen drive to pen drive without using a
computer or laptop is discussed by providing three types of securities. A data
transfer is done by using computer or laptop means it consumes more power
and it is not a handy device to carry to particular locations.
 To overcome this, a data transfer is done by using a ARM processor (handy
device).The proposed BioFIM is a revolutionary idea for the USB data security,
by which a combination of fingerprints, portable flash drive and touch screen
based password. The features of the proposedBioFIM conclude that this
particular scheme will be more resilient against storage theft than the existing
schemes in terms of security and user convenience.
 A pen drive is inserted into the USB port then a signal will be sent to the ARM
processor. By using this signal processor identifies the host pen drive is
detected. Now the ARM processor will start fetching the data from the source
pen drive into the buffer and the ARM processor waits for the signal from
destination pen drive.
 When ARM processor gets the signal from the slave pen drive, the ARM
processor is ready to transfer the data. Before transferring a data the ARM
processor should get the input from external touch panel from the user. Once
the user press the touch panel then automatically finger print module will
enable and waiting for finger print.
USB WITH ARM 7 PROCESSOR
 paper 5: LIGHTING GLOBAL,24 NOV 2017

BENIFITS

 Portable :flash drive, small sizedFlash drives are small in size. This makes them easily
portable. You can attach them to a keychain or slip them in your shirt or trouser pocket.
Majority of these devices are between two and three inches.
 Memory:They can carry between 1 to 128 GB sized data. The 1GB drives are cheap
and are used to carry light files and for simple file transfers. If you want to use a flash
drive to back up a program, a bigger size is required. If you have large loads of data to
store, I would recommend that you buy USB drives with 32 GB and above. The largest
size can store large files like of music, pictures, and movies.
 Transfer speed: The 3.0 version of USB drives has been recorded to transfer data at a
speed of 4.8 gigabytes per second. This is great speed compared to that of SD memory
card, which transfers 312 MB per second.
 Compatibility: This device is the standard option to connect all electronic and storage
devices to a computer. You will notice that laptops, notebooks, and desktops have
multiple ports meant for the USB. Other than that, we have the dual purpose USBs
which can read memory cards
 Low power: We already said that the device does not have movable parts. This feature
makes it consume less power. Compared to hard disks which need the writing and
reading parts to function, this device consumes less power
 CONCLUSION

Today, Hi-Speed USB 3.0,provides greater enhancement in performance up to

40 times faster than USB 2.0, the goal of the new serial bus is to broaden the
range of external peripherals that can be used on a computer and allowed PC and
Macintosh users to share peripherals for the first time. USB is poised to get even
better. The move to wireless USB is the new wireless extension in the latest
Certified Wireless USB 1.0 standard which combines the speed and security of
wired technology. The next advancement in ubiquitous technology is SuperSpeed
wireless USB that will deliver over targeted 10 times the speed of today's Hi-
Speed USB connections.