HIGH LIFT DEVICES
ASWIN.B.D
19AE60R07
OVERVIEW
Need?
How do they work?
Types of high lift devices – working and uses
NEED FOR HIGH LIFT DEVICES
High lift required at take-off and landing
L = ½
Reduce take-off and landing distances
Design trade-off
SCIENCE BEHIND HIGH LIFT DEVICES
To reduce T/O distances
• W/S must be low
• must be high
To increase
• Increase camber
• Increase wing area(S)
• Delay stalling
• Boundary layer control
Adapted from https
://nptel.ac.in/courses/101106041/Chapter%203%20Lecture%2012%2020-12-2011.pdf
HIGH LIFT DEVICES
Flaps
Slats and Slots
Boundary layer control
Leading edge root extensions
Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-lift_device
FLAPS
Movable portion, lowered to produce extra lift
Temporary increase in wing camber
/ must also be considered
Mostly attached at trailing edge
Adapted from https
://nptel.ac.in/courses/101106041/Chapter%203%20Lecture%2012%2020-12-2011.pdf
TYPES OF FLAPS
Plain flap
• Rear portion is hinged
• Deflected to increase
Split flap
• Lower surface alone hinges downwards
Slotted flap
• Several airfoils which separate, hinge and slide
• Local flow re-energizes
• Multi slotted to bring flow till trailing edge
• Effective at lower speeds
Adapted from https://www.quora.com/Why-do-aeroplanes-need-a-high-lift-during-landing
TYPES OF FLAPS
Fowler Flaps
• Slide backward, then downward
• Increase chord and camber
• Provides slot effect
Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_(aeronautics)#Fowler_flap
Kruger Flaps
• Attached on leading edge
• Portion of lower wing rotates out
• Hinged at foremost position
• Blunt leading edge, better low speed handling
Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krueger_flap
SLATS AND SLOTS
Slat - Aerofoil shaped body
Attached in front of leading edge
Slot - Redirects flow over surface
Reenergizes main flow over wing
Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading-edge_extension
Delays separation
Fixed slat advantageous at high AOA
BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL
Reenergizing flow to delay separation
Flow rushes from high pressure to low pressure
Active Boundary Control
• Suction and blowing
• Bleed air from engine
Passive Boundary Control
• Using slots in slats and flaps
• Reenergizes flow over surface
Adapted from https://nptel.ac.in/courses/101106041/Chapter%203%20Lecture%2012%2020-12-2011.pdf
LEADING EDGE EXTENSIONS
Small extension forward of the leading edge
Improve airflow at high AOA and low airspeeds
Leading Edge Root Extensions (LERX)
• Small triangular fillets
• Primarily in military aircrafts
• Attached from leading edge of wing root to fuselage
• Creates vortex at triangular tips at high AOA
• Reduces pressure, increases energy
Droops
• Entire leading edge section rotates downwards
• Increases camber and reduces stalling speed
Adapted from https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/15637/
how-does-the-use-of-leading-edge-root-extension-help-in-increasing-stall-angle
SUMMARY
High lift required
Short T/O and landing distances needed
Increase and delay separation
Flap effective as camber and area increases
Boundary layer control to delay separation
Different high lift device functions
