Kimia Fisika 1
Dr. M. Masykuri, M.Si.
Chemistry Education Study Program
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University (UNS)
Website: http://masykuri.staff.fkip.uns.ac.id,
email:
[email protected]Teacher Training and Education Faculty
11/12/2019 1
M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Solo, Sep 2010Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
• Diagram mnemonik termodinamika adalah
gambar vektor Segi-empat yang dapat
digunakan untuk menentukan sejumlah
hubungan termodinamika.
• Diagram mnemonik ini memudahkan kita
untuk menghapalkan dan memahami
hubungan antar berbagai sistem
termodinamika
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Diagram
PASUG - THV
H : entalpi
U : energi dalam (E)
A : energi bebas
Helmholtz
(atau F)
G : energi bebas Gibbs
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
P dA S
dA
+
T V
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Dengan differensial didapat:
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Dengan differensial didapat:
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Dari persamaan:
+
Dengan differensial didapat:
_ _
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Dari persamaan: Hubungan-hubungan Maxwell:
Dalam persamaan differensial
M dx + N dy
+
Apabila M dan N adalah diferensial
eksak, berlaku:
Sehingga:
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Hubungan lain: _
_ _
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
_
_ _
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
P dA S
PdV SdT
dG
dU
TdS VdP
T dH V
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Diagram MNEMONIK
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
• Born in Edinburgh, Scotland
• Physicist well-known for his
work in electromagnetism
and field theory
• Also known for his work in
thermodynamics and kinetic
theory of gases
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_M
axwell
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Theory of Heat
• Written by Maxwell and
published first in 1870
• Describes his views of the
limitations of the Second Law of
Thermodynamics
• Maxwell Relations were first
introduced in this book
http://store.doverpublications.com/0486
417352.html
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Why Use Maxwell Relations?
• Certain variables in
thermodynamics are hard
to measure experimentally
such as entropy
• Maxwell relations provide a
way to exchange variables
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
What are some examples of Maxwell Relations?
T P S P
V S S V V T T V
T V S V
P S S P P T T P
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Deriving Maxwell Relations
First, start with a known equation of
state such as that of internal energy
U U
dU dS dV
S V V S
Next, take the total derivative of with
respect to the natural variables. For
example, the natural of internal energy
are entropy and volume.
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Deriving Maxwell Relations
Now that we have the total derivative with respect to its natural
variables, we can refer back to the original equation of state and
define, in this example, T and P.
U
P
V S
U U
dU dS dV
S V V S
U
T
S V Faculty
Teacher Training and Education M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Deriving Maxwell Relations
We must now take into account a rule in
partial derivatives
When taking the partial derivative again, we
can set both sides equal and thus, we have
derived a Maxwell Relation
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Mnemonic Device for Obtaining Maxwell
Relations
The partial derivative of two neighboring properties (e.g. V and T)
correspond to the partial derivative of the two properties on the
opposite side of the square (e.g. S and P). The arrows denote the
negative sign; if both are pointed the same way, then the sign is
negative.
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Using Maxwell Relations
Maxwell Relations can be derived from basic
equations of state, and by using Maxwell Relations,
working equations can be derived and used when
dealing with experimental data.
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
References
Darin J. Ulness: Course Notes, Chemistry 351 Fall 2004
Physical Chemistry, Laidler, Meiser Sanctuary, 2003.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell
http://store.doverpublications.com/0486417352.html
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Phisical Chemistry 1
Sebelas Maret University Feb, 2014
