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Module - IV

The document discusses different types of wind turbines and their characteristics. It begins by describing the properties of wind and availability of wind energy in India. It then discusses the major types of wind turbines - horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. It provides details on the parts, classification, advantages and disadvantages of both horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine designs.

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Amresh Angadi
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140 views19 pages

Module - IV

The document discusses different types of wind turbines and their characteristics. It begins by describing the properties of wind and availability of wind energy in India. It then discusses the major types of wind turbines - horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. It provides details on the parts, classification, advantages and disadvantages of both horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine designs.

Uploaded by

Amresh Angadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module – IV

Wind Energy: Properties of wind, availability of wind energy in


India, wind velocity and power from wind; major problems
associated with wind power, wind machines; Types of wind
machines and their characteristics, horizontal and vertical axis
wind mills, coefficient of performance of a wind mill
rotor(Numerical Examples).

Tidal Power: Tides and waves as energy suppliers and their


mechanics; fundamental characteristics of tidal power
harnessing tidal energy, limitations.
Introduction
• Wind is a renewable Green Energy source

Load

kinetic Mechanical Electrical


Energy Energy Energy
Wind mills can be set up ranging scales of:
•On-shore grid connected Wind Turbine systems
•Off-shore Wind turbine systems
•Small Wind and Hybrid Energy Decentralized systems (Floating)

Advantages
• Can be used for both distributed generation or grid interactive power generation
using on-shore or off shore technologies.
•Ranges of power producing turbines are available. Micro-turbines are capable of
producing 300W to 1MW and large wind turbines have typical size of 35kW-3MW.
•Wind turbine is suitable to install in remote rural area, water pumping and grinding
mills
•Average capacity factor can be close or higher than 30%

Disadvantages
•The total cost can be cheaper than solar system but more expensive than hydro.
•Electricity production depends on- wind speed, location, season and air temperature.
Hence various monitoring systems are needed and may cost expensive.
•High percentage of the hardware cost (for large WT) is mostly spent on the tower
designed to support the turbine
Availability of Wind Energy in India:

Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. As of 31
March 2019 the total installed wind power capacity was 36.625 GW, the fourth largest installed
wind power capacity in the world.
Installed Wind Power Capacity

Year End Cumulative


Year
Capacity (in MW)
2011 18,421
2012 20,149
2013 21,264
2014 23,354
2015 26,769
2016 32,280
2017 34,046
2018 36,625
Installed wind capacity by state as of 31 March 2018

State Total Capacity (MW)


Tamil Nadu 8,197
Gujarat 5,613
Maharashtra 4,784
Karnataka 4,509
Rajasthan 4,298
Andhra Pradesh 3,963
Madhya Pradesh 2,520
Telangana 101
Kerala 53
Others 4
Total 34,043
Available potential in India
Wind Velocity and Power
kinetic energy of a mass in motions

The power in the wind is given by the rate of


change of energy:
Parts of Wind turbine
Blades
The lifting style wind turbine blade. These are the most efficiently designed, especially for
capturing energy of strong, fast winds.
The rotor is designed aerodynamically to capture the maximum surface area of wind in order to
spin the most ergonomically. The blades are lightweight, durable and corrosion-resistant
material. The best materials are composites of fiberglass and reinforced plastic
A gear box magnifies or amplifies the energy output of the rotor. The gear box is situated
directly between the rotor and the generator. A rotor rotates the generator (which is protected
by a nacelle), as directed by the tailvane.
The generator produces electricity from the rotation of the rotor. Generators come in various
sizes, relative to the output you wish to generate.
The nacelle is the housing or enclosure that seals and protects the generator and gear box from
the elements. It is easily removed for maintenance of the wind
The tail vane directs the turbine to gather maximum wind energy.

Tower: Supports the wind turbine. Towers are mainly built using conical tubular steel.
Yaw drive: Aligns the turbines towards the wind. This keeps the wind turbine facing the wind
when the wind direction changes for upwind turbines.

Yaw motor: Used to power the yaw drive.


Wind Turbine Classification :

•Horizontal Axis Machines: Machines with rotors that move in a plane perpendicular to
the direction of the wind. A farmer‘s windmill, for example.

•Vertical Axis Machines: Machines that have the working surfaces traveling in the
direction of the wind. These machines are sometimes called ―panemones.

In general, annual average wind speeds of 5 meters per second (11 mph) are required for grid
connected applications. Annual average wind speeds of 3 to 4 m/s (7-9 mph) may be adequate
for non-connected electrical and mechanical applications such as battery charging and water
pumping.
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines

The horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) has the axis of


the blades horizontal to the ground.

On this turbine, two or three, or multiple, blades spin


upwind of the tower that it sits on.
Features of HAWT:
 These Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines have to always be pointed in the right direction (into
the wind, or away from the wind, based on the type) so they can have max efficiently.
 In conventional and smaller upwind based turbines, accurate orientation is obtained via the
use of a simple wind vane; large turbines include a yaw motor and yaw meter.
 The overall shape of the blades is extremely important in controlling the turbine.
 The shape has to be designed to give lift so that the rotor will turn properly.
 They have an airfoil shape (like that of an airplane’s wing), but for large wind turbines the
blades are always in the form of a twist.
 The wind will be coming from a greatly steeper angle as it moves towards the root of the
blade.

There are a number of advantages to use HAWTS.


1.variable pitch of blades used for horizontal wind turbine allows it to collect maximum amount
of energy form wind.
2. Higher efficiency is offered by a horizontal wind turbine as it has blades in perpendicular to
the direction of wind and hence receives more power for rotation.
3.Third is the traditional designs allow easy installation and easy maintenance as well.
4. Its application is from home usage to application in hybrid systems, the horizontal wind
turbines are popular options as sources of energy.
There are generally two core kinds of VAWTs, they are called the
Savnoius and the Darrieus.

The Savories functions similar to a water wheel that uses drag forces.
The Darrieus makes use of blades similar to the blades used on HAWTS.

•The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used for domestic purpose and low volume of
production.
•VAWT requires low cost investment and less space for the installation compared to HAWT.
•The rotational axis of vertical axis wind turbine is perpendicular to the direction of wind.
•It can produce electricity at low wind speed.
•The maintenance of vertical axis wind turbine is quite easy compared to horizontal axis wind
turbine.
•The efficiency of VAWT is optimal so it cannot be utilize for larger volume of production.
•The main advantages of VAWT compared with HAWT are generation of electricity at ground
level and the way of installation is simple.
(a) Horizontal axis based high speed wind turbine (b) Savonius (c) Darrieus

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