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Plastics Packaging Technology: PVC Material For Packaging & Testing Methods For Packaging Materials

This document discusses PVC material used for packaging and various testing methods for packaging materials. It provides details on PVC including its structure, properties, uses in food packaging, and environmental concerns. It also outlines several testing procedures and their significance, including tests for shrinkage, identification of plastics, leakage in heat sealed packages, melt flow index, environmental stress crack resistance, closure leakage, adhesion strength, water vapor transmission rate, haze, and gloss.

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Anshul Gautampurkar
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180 views

Plastics Packaging Technology: PVC Material For Packaging & Testing Methods For Packaging Materials

This document discusses PVC material used for packaging and various testing methods for packaging materials. It provides details on PVC including its structure, properties, uses in food packaging, and environmental concerns. It also outlines several testing procedures and their significance, including tests for shrinkage, identification of plastics, leakage in heat sealed packages, melt flow index, environmental stress crack resistance, closure leakage, adhesion strength, water vapor transmission rate, haze, and gloss.

Uploaded by

Anshul Gautampurkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plastics Packaging Technology

PVC Material for Packaging


&
Testing Methods for Packaging
Materials

Anshul Gautampurkar
15POL2004
M.Tech.
PVC: Introduction
• Polyvinyl Chloride
• Synthesized by polymerization of Vinyl
Chloride.
• Amorphous in nature due to its structure.
• Does not melt.
• Thermally unstable
PVC: as a Packaging Material
• Has good optical clarity owing to its
amorphous nature.
• Good gas barrier properties, although
moisture barrier is poor.
• Has a good grease and oil resistance.
• Accepts ink readily.
• Has good flame retardancy.
PVC: Main uses
Uses

Thin Walled Containers


(including trays)
Film

Bottles
PVC: Environmental and Health
Concerns
• Un-plasticized PVC (UPVC) is brittle.
• Plasticizer has to be added to improve
properties.
• The added plasticizer reduces the barrier
properties.
• The plasticizer may enter into the food
products.
• PVC produces HCl and Dioxins on incineration.
PVC: Food Packaging
• Bottles-
- Low molecular weight Suspension PVC.
- K-value 57-58.
- Polymerization Degree about 650.
- Additives- PVC, Impact Modifier, Processing Aid,
Stabilizer and Lubricant.
- All these Ingredients are compounded in a high
speed mixer and then are extrusion blow
moulded.
PVC: Food Packaging
• Rigid Thermoformed Foil
- Low molecular weight suspension homopolymer
- K- value 57-60.
- Polymerization Degree 650-750.
- Additives- PVC, Impact Modifier, Processing Aid,
Stabilizer and Lubricant.
- Compounded and Calendared or direct foil extruded.
- The resulting foil, typically in the range 125-375
microns, is then fed in a separate operation to a
thermoforming unit where it is heated and drawn into
the mould, usually by vacuum.
PVC: Food Packaging
• Cling Film
- Medium high molecular weight suspension PVC.
- K value 67-70.
- Polymerization Degree 1050-1350.
- Ingredients- PVC, Adipate plasticiser, Epoxised
soya bean oil, Heat stabiliser, Lubricant and Anti-
fogging agent.
- Lubricant- conventional fatty acid ester type
- Anti-Fogging agent- polyoxyethylene sorbitan
mono oleate chemical type
PVC: Food Packaging
• Cap Sealing
- PVC through emulsion polymerization
- Compounding Ingredients- PVC, Plasticiser, Stabiliser
and Blowing agent.
- The stabiliser would be of the calcium/zinc type,
while the blowing agent would be of the azo
dicarbonamide type.
- The formulation ingredients are blended up in a slow
speed mixer. A metered amount of paste is then
applied to the inside face of the cap and gelled in an
oven at 200 °C, when the composition also expands
due to the decomposition of the blowing agent.
Testing of Packaging Material
• Testing involves the measurement of a characteristic or a
property involved with packaging.
• Packaging testing might have a variety of purposes, such as:
• Determine if, or verify that, the requirements of
a specification, regulation, or contract are met.
• Decide if a new product development program is on track:
Demonstrate proof of concept.
• Provide standard data for other scientific, engineering,
and quality assurance functions.
• Validate suitability for end-use.
• Provide a basis for technical communication.
Design Requirements
S.No. Effect Packaging Design Requirement

1. Mechanical Shock Check Supportable impact levels

2. Deformation Determine safe compressive load

3. Vibration Check for Resonant Frequencies

4. Temperature Establish Critical Temperature Limits

5. Relative Humidity Establish Critical Humidity Limits

6. Liquid Water Ensure Effective Water Barriers

7. Abrasion Eliminate/ Isolate Abrading Effects


Testing Procedures and Details
• Name of the test : Shrinkage
Standard No : ASTM-D 1204–1978
Equipment used : Instron Hot Air Oven
Units used : %
Significance : As a result of manufacturing process, internal stresses are locked
into the film and this can be released by heating. For any given type of film the
temperature at which shrinkage will begin are related to processing techniques.

• Name of the test : Identification of Plastics


Equipment used : DSC / TMA
Significance : Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) is a fast method to identify
the substrates in co-extruded films from melting temperatures of individual
substrates. Similarly, one can investigate the concentration of individual
components in a blend. Multi-layer films can be easily checked by DSC to find out
the individual and number of components alongwith their concentration.
Testing Procedure and Details
• Name of the test : Leakage in Heat Sealed Packages
Standard No : ASTM D 3078 (1977) Part 20
Equipment used : Dissector, vacuum pump
Units used : Pass / Fail
Significance : To evaluate seal performance of the pouch.

• Name of the test : Melt Flow Index


Standard No : ASTM D 1238 (Part 35)
Equipment used : M F I tester
Units used : g / 10 min @ 190°C for PE and 280°C for PP
Significance : Indicates the flow characteristics of the
material at different processing conditions.
Testing Procedure and Details
• Name of the test : Environmental Stress Crack Resistance
Standard No : IS 6312 - 1980
Equipment used : Oven, soap solutions etc.
Units used : Pass / Fail
Significance : Indicates the stress crack resistance of plastic
material.

• Name of the test : Closure Leakage Test


Standard No : IS 6312 - 1980
Equipment used:Vibration Table
Units used : Pass / Fail
Significance : Indicates defects in closure system
Testing Procedure and Details
• Name of the test : Adhesion Strength of Pressure Sensitive tape
Standard No : IS 2880 - 1978
Equipment used : Universal Testing Machine (INSTRON)
Units used : kg / cm
Significance : Evaluates the quality of adhesive used.

• Name of the test : Water Vapour Transmission Rate


Standard No : 1060 (Part I) / ASTM E-96
Equipment used : Lassy / MOCON WVTR Tester
Units used : g / m2 / 24 hrs
Significance : Most important property for moisture sensitive
products. It decides shelf-life of the products and is directly
proportional to thickness. This property varies from polymer to
polymer depending upon the thickness of the film.
Testing Procedure and Details
• Name of the test : Haze
Standard No : ASTM D 1003 (Part 35)
Equipment used:Hazemeter
Units used : %
Significance : In certain applications, high clarity and minimal haze or frostiness is desirable. This is
the case in many packaging applications where good clarity enhances and the polymer structure
diffuses light as it passes through film and cause hazy appearance. The hazemeter is setup to
transmit a beam of light, which is diffused or scattered from its original path. The results are
reported in terms of percentage haze. The lower haze, the better the clarity of the film.

• Name of the test : Gloss


Standard No : ASTM D 2457 (Part 35)
Equipment used : Glossmeter
Units used : Percentage
Significance : Specular gloss correlates to the shine or sparkle of film. This trait can influence
desirability of consumers to purchase the product packed in it. Gloss in film can be optimised by
adjustment of extrusion parameters. Once processing conditions are perfect, changing resins to a
higher melt index and higher density at constant molecular weight distribution, will yield in better
gloss.
THANK YOU

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