BY
POOJA PINGLE
Structwel Designers & Consultants
TO START WITH…
For Success of anything ,foundation
plays a very important role . Its true for
individual , true for Company , True for
Nation & its True for Machine as well
…..
Agenda on Machine Foundation
Fundamentals of M/C Foundation
Objective of Foundation
Different types of M/C Foundation
Theory of M/C Foundation
Thumb Rules for M/C Foundation
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
Conclusion
Fundamentals of M/C foundation
The machine foundation will be considered as a rigid
body resting on an elastic bed.
The elastic bed assumed for calculations may be
Subsoil ,piles of a pile foundation.
Rigid Body
Elastic Bed
Fundamentals of M/C foundation
All foundations are designed to resist static loads. as
well as dynamic load.
Static loads e.g. Transformers, water& oil tank
Dynamic load e.g. machine , moving vehicle ,presses,
forge hammer …
Analysis of vibrations & waves are the fundamental
importance in the design of M/C foundations.
All M/C foundation except very small ones, should be
consider as serious engg. Problem by a design
engineer.
Fundamentals of M/C foundation
Large one give rise to dynamic loads causing
vibrations which the designer must take in to account
if he /she is to choose a solution which is both
technically sound & economical.
To avoid unequal settlement & harmful vibrations in
the base or the subsoil , M/C foundation should be
designed.
Objective of Machine Foundation
The M/c must be free from Damage .
M/c normal operation should not be interrupted.
It should not transmit excessive vibrations to the
adjacent Structure or other machine & machine
operator .
It should not suffer excessive settlement or bearing
capacity failure under combine static & dynamic Loads.
Types of M/C foundations.
Simple or Block foundations:-These are either in a
single mass or contain openings up to 50 percent of
their volume.
Wall like foundation:- Which usually consist of two
walls parallel to each other supporting machine.
Types of M/C foundations
• Framed foundation:-Which have a structure of
vertical columns & horizontal frame beams braced
together by means of longitudinal beams.
• Caisson foundation – With which the necessary
rigidity can be attained by the appropriate
arrangement of material saving elements.
Factors choosing the Type of Foundation
Type of the machine
Soil ( elastic Bed )
Static & dynamic loads associated with Machine
surrounding.
Types of Machine
1)Low speed machine:- Machine having speed 50 rpm to
600 rpm .Machine of paper industry ,steam machine
,printing machines .They are supported on raft foundation.
2)Moderate speed machine:-Machine having speed 600
rpm to 1500 rpm.
3)High speed machine:-Machine having speed 1500 rpm
to 3000rpm.
4)Very high speed Machine:-3000 rpm to 10,000 or more
Significance & Importance
The forces of rotating elements of machine contribute,
besides their static loads, additional dynamic loads.
The machinery vibration influence adversely the
foundation supporting soil by densifying it which
may , in turn cause differential settlement of soil &
foundation which will harm to structure as well as
machine performance
So it is important to design a good machine
foundation.
THEORY OF M/C FOUNDATION
Equation of Motion Z Twisting
Vertical
X
Longitudinal
Lateral
Rocking
Pitching
Y
THEORY OF M/C FOUNDATION
Foundation may be considered as a having six degrees
of freedom-displacements in the three direction
.Rotation about each axes .
For simplicity the machine & its foundation will be
assumed to be a single mass system.
Motion is considered only in one mode of vibration.
Thus machine foundation becomes single mass, single
degree of vibrating system.
Thumb Rules for M/C Foundation
Design of machine foundation comprises of choosing
the proportions & shape of concrete foundation blocks
& working out the natural frequency, maximum
amplitude of vibration base pressure & comparing
them with the following criterion of design.
Natural frequency should be sufficiently away from
the operating frequency.
Thumb Rules for M/C Foundation
The frequency ratio r is kept outside the range of of 0.5
to 1.5
The amplitude of vibration should be within the
tolerable limits specified by the chart.
The base pressure should not exceed the dynamic
bearing capacity which may be taken as half the
allowable soil pressure.
The mass of foundation as least 3 times mass of
machine.
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
The method assumes soil is as a linear spring
,neglects damping & assumes participating soil mass
as zero.
A block of mass m & base area Af may be acted by
oscillating loads Fx, FY, Fz & Moment
Mx, My, Mz
Provided the C.G. of the block & the centroid of base
area lie on the base area lie on the same line .
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
Centre of Gravity
x = ∑mixi/∑mi
y = ∑miyi/∑mi
z = ∑mizi/∑mi
The Moment of Inertia (Iy) of the base area about the
axis passing through its centre
Ix = lxi*lyi^3/12
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
Iy = lyi*lxi^3/12
Iz = Ix + Iy
Mass moment of inertia
φx = (m/12)*∑ (l²y+l²z)
φy = (m/12)*∑ (l²x+l²z)
φz = (m/12)*∑ (l²x+l²y)
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
The mass moment of inertia (φo) about the axis
passing through the centroid of the base and
perpendicular to the plane of vibration.
φs = φ + ms2
Where s is the distance of the centre of gravity from
reference axis. Usually reference axes pass through the
C.G .
αy=φy/φoy
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
ω²θy = (Cθ`Iy-Wz) / φoy
ω²x= Cζ*Af / mi
ωn4 – (ωθy2+ωx2)ωn² + ωθy2ωx² =0
Substituting value & solving we will get frequency of
foundation i.e.
Wn1 & wn2
The ratio should be 0.5 to 1.5 ,if not revise the size of
foundation.
Conclusion
Freq. of M/C & Freq of M/C foundation should not
create resonance .
If frequency of foundation within permissible limit
,check the amplitude .
IS 2974 part one is followed in India for Design
Foundation
Thanks
Anything which has a Strong Foundation
,can only deliver Good Results …
Thanking you
Ms. Pooja Pingle
…to be continued
