WHEELS
AND
T YRES
PRESENTED BY:
AYUSH KARANWAL
PUNIT ARYA
Wheels and Tyres
Topics covered in this presentation:
Tyres
Wheels
INTRODUCION
Functions of Tyres:
• Only contact with ground
• Act as the primary suspension, cushioning the vehicle from effects
of rough surface.
• Provide frictional contact with the road surface which allows the
driving wheels to move the vehicle
• Front tyres allows the wheels to steer
• Tyres allow braking to slow or stop the vehicle
SIDE PROFILE
A. Manufacturers or brand name, and commercial name
or identity.
B. Tire size, construction and speed rating designations.
Tubeless designates a tire which requires no inner tube.
See tire sizes and speed ratings below. DIN-type
marking also has the load index encoded in it. These
go from a load index of 50 (190kg) up to an index of
169 (5800kg).
C. Denotes type of tire construction.
D. M&S denotes a tire designed for mud and snow.
Reinforced marking only where applicable.
E. Pressure marking requirement.
F. ECE (not EEC) type approval mark and number.
G. North American Dept of Transport compliance symbols
and identification numbers.
H. Country of manufacture.
TYRE SIZES
LOAD INDEX
The load index on a tyre
is a numerical code
associated with the
maximum load the tyre
can carry.
For Example: If your car
weighs 2 tons - 2000kg -
then assume an even
weight on each wheel. 4
wheels at 2000kg =
500kg per wheel. This is
a load rating of 84.
SPEED RATING
All tyres are rated with a speed letter. This
indicates the maximum speed that the tyre
can sustain for a ten minute endurance
without coming to pieces and destroying
itself.
'H' rated tyres are becoming the most
commonplace and widely used tyres.
DOT CODE
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Treadwear (the durability rating)
The higher the treadwear number, the
longer it’ll take the tread to wear down.
Traction (the safety rating)
A traction grade tells you how well your
tire can stop in wet conditions. The
highest traction grade is AA, followed by
A, B, and C. Tires with an ‘AA’ traction
rating should stop at a much shorter
distance than a tire with a ‘C’ rating.
Temperature (the heat resistance rating)
The temperature rating, tells you how well a
tire is able to resist heat build-up. That heat
resistance is graded with an A, B, or C, with ‘A’
being the highest and ‘C’ being the lowest.
TYRE TYPES FOR PASSENGER CARS
• Performance tyres or summer tyres
• All-round or all-season tyres
• Wet-weather tyres
• Snow & mud or ice : special winter tyres
• All-terrain tyres
• Mud tyres
TYRE CONSTRUCTIONS
TREAD PATTERNS
• Symmetrical: Consistent across the tyre's face. Both halves of the treadface are the same
design.
• Asymmetrical: These designs normally incorporates larger tread blocks on the outer
portion for increased stability during cornering.
• Unidirectional: Designed to rotate in only one direction, these tyres enhance straight-line
acceleration by reducing rolling resistance. They also provide shorter stopping distance.
TREAD DEPTH AND TREAD WEAR
INDICATORS
The tread wear indicator is moulded into
the rubber at a depth of about 2mm
normally.
RUN FLAT TIRE
Run flat tires are tires on which you can continue driving after a puncture so you can take time
get to an auto shop or find a safe, level area to change your tire.
Self-supporting Type Support Ring Type
WHEELS (INTRO.)
• Wheels must be strong enough
to support the vehicle and
withstand the forces caused by
normal operation.
• Wheels can be made from cast
aluminium alloy or magnesium
alloy.
Wheel - Basics
Most standard wheels are made of steel.
The rim holds the tyre.
The well of the wheel allows the
Rim
tyre to be removed and refitted
The pilot bore fits to the hub.
Centre mounting section
The centre section is welded to the
rim.
WHEEL OFFSET
.O F F S E T I S A V E RY I M P O R TA N T
VA R I A B L E I N W H E E L D E S I G N .
. I F T H E C E N T E R S EC T I O N
(SPIDER) IS CENTERED ON THE
O U T E R R I M , T H E O F F S E T I S Z E R O.
. THE OFFSET OF A WHEEL IS THE
D I S TA N C E F R O M T H E H U B
M O U N T I N G S U R FA C E TO T H E
CENTER LINE OF THE WHEEL.
TYPES OF WHEELS
• There are three type of wheels:
• Pressed steel disc wheel
• Wire wheel
• Light alloy cast or forged wheel
THANK YOU
