MODULE 5:

Introduction on
Basic Life Support/
Management of Water-
Related Emergencies
 SCOPE
• Introduction to Basic life Support
• Cardiac Arrest & CPR
• Emergency Action Principles
• Guidelines in giving AR and CPR
•Water Related Emergencies
OBJECTIVE

 To provide the participants with the

knowledge and skills necessary in an
emergency to help sustain life, reduce
pain, and minimize the consequences
of respiratory and cardiac emergencies
until more advanced medical help
arrives.
 Introduction to
Basic Life Support
(BLS)
LIFE SUPPORT
 Is a series of emergency lifesaving
procedures that are carried out to prolong
the life of a victim with life threatening
emergencies.
 The following are the three kinds of
life support:
 - Basic Life Support (BLS)
 - Advance life Support (ALS)
 - Prolonged Life Support (PLS)
 Basic Life Support
– An emergency procedure that consists
of recognizing respiratory arrest or cardiac
arrest or both and the proper application of
CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers
or advance life support is available
a. Basic Life Support – Rescuer or first Aider
1) No use of drugs
2) Only mouth, lungs, hands, skill and knowledge
 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

EARLY EARLY EARLY EARLY

ACCESS CPR DEFIBRILLATION ADVANCED CARE
 Biological Death
 – Heartbeat and respiration stop
beyond ten (10) minutes. Brain damage is
irreversible.

 Clinical Death
 – Heartbeat and respiration stops 0-5
minutes and brain damage is reversible.
 Elements of Basic Life Support

Initial Assessment

Airway maintenance

Expired air ventilation

Chest compression
Cardiac and Respiratory Arrest

Cardiac Arrest – The heart stops beating.

– A life threatening
situation wherein blood circulation ceases
and the victim will have no pulse and
breathing.

Respiratory arrest – Breathing stops and

circulation continue for quite sometime.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
 Risk factors that cannot be changed:
 - heredity
 - age
 - gender
 Risk factors that can be changed:
 - cigarette smoking
 - hypertension
 - lack of exercises
 - obesity
 - diabetes mellitus
 - stress
 Heart Attack
(Myocardial Infarction)
 A heart attack occurs when the oxygen
supply to the heart muscle (myocardium)
is cut off for a prolonged period of time.

Warning Signals:
 - Chest discomfort characterized by:
- Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness
or tightness, aching, crushing, constricting oppressive
or heavy.
- nausea
- shortness of breath
 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

CPR - Combination of external chest

compression and artificial respiration

External chest compression – Consists of the

rhythmic application of pressure over the
lower portion of the sternum.
 Emergency Action Principles
 Survey the scene
 Activate Medical Assistance (AMA)
or Transfer Facility
 - Call First / Care Fast
 Primary Survey
 - check for responsiveness
 - check A – airway
 B – breathing
 C – circulation
 Secondary Survey
 MOUTH TO MOUTH
RESUSCITATION(AR)

 Artificial Respiration – Procedure for

causing the air to flow in and out the lungs of a
person when his natural breathing ceased or is
inadequate.

 Objectives
 1. To open airway
 2. To ventilate the lungs
Guidelines in giving AR
 Check responsiveness and breathing. Shake and ask
“Are you ok?”
 Call for help.
 Position the Victim.
 Open the airway by
 head-tilt chin-lift method/jaw thrust.
 Assess breathing
Look, Listen, and Feel for 3-5 seconds.
If breathless give 2 ventilations.
If victim’s pulse is present but not breathing,
 give one breath every 5 seconds. (10-12
breaths per min.)
Breathe…Breathe…1001,1002,1003,1004,1005 and 1 then Breathe…….( For 5 Cycles)
 Look, Listen, and Feel for
3- 5 seconds.

Open the airway by

head-tilt chin-lift method.
 Guidelines in Giving CPR
 Check responsiveness and breathing. Shake and ask “Are you
ok?”
 Call for help.
 Position the Victim.
 Open the airway by head-tilt chin-lift method/jaw thrust.
 Establish pulselessness for 5-10 seconds.
 If victim’s pulse is absent, begin CPR (30 compressions: 2
ventilation per cycle).5 Cycle
 Recheck pulse.
 Place victim in recovery position once pulse and breathing are
restored.
 Criteria for not starting CPR
 All patients in cardiac arrest receive resuscitation
unless:
 The patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt
Resuscitation” (DNAR) order.

 The patient has a sign of irreversible death: rigor

mortis,decapitation, or dependent lividity.

 No physical benefit can be expected because the

vital functions have deteriorated despite maximal
therapy for such conditions as progressive septic
or cardiogenic shock.
 Rules in doing CPR
 1. Don’t be a Jerker
 2. Don’t be a Bender
 3. Don’t be a Massager
 4. Don’t be a Double-Crosser
 5. Don’t be a Head banger
 6. Don’t be a Bouncer
 When to STOP CPR

S – signs of circulation are restored.

T – turned over to medical services.
O – operator is exhausted.
P – physician assumed responsibility
and pronounce the victim dead.
 CPR for Adult
 Compression area - Simplified approach center of
the chest.
 CPR for Adult
 Depth - Approximately 11/2 to 2 inches.

Push hard and push fast!

Chest Compression depth

must be 1 ½ to 2 inches

Allow chest recoil in every

compressions.
 CPR for Adult
 How to compress - Heel of 1 hand, other hand
on top.
 Position self at the victim’s
side .
 Make sure that victim is lying
flat on a hard surface.
 Expose victim’s chest.
 Put the heel of one hand on
the center of the victim’s bare
chest.
 Put the heel of the other hand
on top of the first hand
 The position of the hand must
be on the breast bone at the
nipple line.
 CPR for Adult
 Rate - Approximately 100/min.
 Compression

ventilation rate - 30:2 (1 rescuer)

 Number of cycle
per minute - 5 cycles for 2 minutes

 Counting -1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
15,16,17,18,19,20,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
and 1 then breathe, breathe…
Water related emergencies:
 Drowning

 Diving in shallow water

 Flashflood
 Man overboard
 Recovery Position
This shows you how to put someone in the
recovery position.
Question!