PRESENTED BY: GUIDED BY:
Trupti Rani Parida Miss Smaranika Sundar Ray
Branch – I.T
Roll. No - 31
CONTENTS :
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COMPONENTS
3. TYPES
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
5. APPLICATIONS
6. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
LIDAR
TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION TO LIDAR
TECHNOLOGY :
LIDAR stands for Light Detection And Ranging.
It is a Renate sensing method that uses leaser light to measure ranges
to the earth.
These light pulses combined with other data recorded by the
airborne system generates precise, three dimensional information
about the shape of the Earth and it’s surface characteristics.
2. COMPONENTS :
A complete lidar system is made up of several components. All of the
components work together to generate, record and georeference the
data. The components used in LIDAR system are :
Lidar source, Detector & scanning mechanism
Timing Electronic
Global positioning system or GPS
Inertia measurement unit or IMU
Computer
LIDAR SOURCE, DETECTOR & SCANNING
MECHANISM :
The laser source generates the energy of the pulses.
The lasers used in lidar system are low energy & are eye safe.
The laser detector or reciever detects the laser light pulses that are reflected
back from the target objects.
The scanning mechanism is designed to generate a consistent stream of leaser
pulses.
The pulses are reflected off of a mirror.
TIMING ELECTRONICS :
TIMING ELECTRONIC :
The timing electronics
records the exact time the laser
pulse leaves & returns to the
scanner.
GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM :
• The GPS records the precise x, y, z
location of the scanner.
• The GPS together with the IMU allow
for the direct georeferencing of the
points.
INERTIA MEASUREMENT UNIT
:
The data collected from GPS & IMU is
used to determine the precise angle and
location of the lidar system to ensure the
distances to surfaces are correctly
calculated.
3. TYPES :
There are two basic types of lidar. They are :
(1) Airborn
In airborne lidar, the system is installed in either a fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter.
It is of two types-
Topographic Lidar
Bathymetric Lidar
(2) Terrestrial Lidar
These are used to manage facilities, conduct highway & rail surveys.
It is of two types-
Mobile
Static
TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR :
Topographic Lidar can be used
to derive surface models for use
in many applications, such as
forestry, hydrology,
geomorphology, survey
assessments etc.
BATHYMETRIC
LIDAR:
Bathymetric lidar is a
type of airborn acquisition
that is water penetrating.
This type of lidar is
mainly used near
coastlines, in harbors, and
near shores and banks.
It is also used to locate
objects on the ocean floor.
MOBILE LIDAR :
• Mobile Lidar is the
collection of lidar point
clouds from a moving
platform.
• It typically consist all the
components of a airborne
lidar system.
STATIC LIDAR :
• It is the collection of lidar point
clouds from a static location.
• Common applications for this type
of lidar are Engineering, Mining,
Surveying & Archaeology
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE :
Light detection and ranging is a similar technology to radar, using laser
instead of radio wave.
The principle on which the lidar works is-
By emitting a laser pulse on the surface.
Catching the reflected laser back to the lidar pulse source with sensors.
Measuring the time laser travelled
Calculating the distance from source with the
distance formula - speed of light × time elapsed
2
5. APPLICATIONS :
By using lidar in AR it enhances the clarity & final output by offering
high quality 3D mapping.
LIDAR are used in the autonomous vehicle as it looks at the
surroundings of the vehicle, and avoid collisions by measuring the
distance between a car and any other car in front of it.
LIDAR surveying is used in the fields of construction, urban
planning & examining the topography of a region.
Because of extraordinary detailing LIDAR is used to unearth old
archeological sites.
6. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES :
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Data can be collected quickly and High operating costs in some
with high accuracy. applications.
Can be used day & night. Ineffective during heavy rain or low
hanging clouds.
It can be integrated with other data Very large datasets that are difficult
sources. to interpret.
Requires skilled data analysis
It has minimum human dependence.
techniques.
