CHAPTER 8: POLYMER
CONTENT:
Polymer???
Molecules structure of polymer
Physical properties of polymer
Classifications of polymer
Thermosetting Vs thermoplastic
Elastomers
Advantages of polymer
Disadvantages of polymer
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Molecules structure of polymer
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Physical Properties of Polymer
Composed of very large molecules
Low modulus of elasticity (low stiffness)
Low tensile and compressive strengths
Can be crystalline or semi-crystalline structure
Deformation is very sensitive to temperature
Low thermal and electrical conductivity(good
insulator)
Creep at room temperatures
Low temperatures make plastics brittle
Plastic deformation
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Classifications of Polymer
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Thermoplastics vs Thermosets
Thermoplastics Thermosets
Soften when heated Become permanently
and harden when hard after the initial
cooled
heating-cooling cycle
Varying degree of
ductility
Brittle
Can be recycled
Can not be recycled
Can not withstand high Can withstand high
temperatures temperatures
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Elastomeric polymer chains can be crosslinked, or
connected by covalent bonds. This process is
sometimes called vulcanization.
vulcanization
Crosslinking is initiated by heat, light, or the addition
of chemicals.
Crosslinking makes elastomers reversibly
stretchable for small deformations. When stretched,
the polymer chains become elongated and ordered
along the deformation direction. When no longer
stretched, the chains randomize again. The
crosslinks guide the elastomer back to its original
shape.
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Advantages of Polymer
Corrosion resistance and resistance to chemicals
Low density
High strength-to-weight ratio, particularly when
reinforced
Noise reduction
Wide choice of colors and transparencies
Ease of manufacturing and complexity of design
possibilities
Relatively low cost.
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Disadvantages of Polymer
Lower melting point compared to metals
Low electrical and thermal conductivity
Ductile material than metal
Applications is limited
etc.
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Applications
Major Plastic Resins and Their Uses
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Extrusion
The polymer is heated to the liquid state and forced through a die
under pressure resulting in an endless product of constant cross
section. 60% of polymers are prepared in this way.
Examples: tubing, pipes, window frames, sheet, insulated wire.
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Film Blowing
Using the same method
as extrusion the material
coming out of the die is
blown into a film.
An example is plastic
wrap.
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Blow Molding
The melted polymer is put into a mold, then compressed air
is used to spread the polymer into the mold. It is used to
make many containers such as plastic soda containers and
milk jugs.
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Injection molding
Similar to extrusion, the polymeris heated to
the liqiud state, but it is prepared in metered
amounts, and the melt is forced into a mold to
create the part.
It is not a continuous process
Many toys are made by injection molding
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EXERCISES
Find any objects that made from
polymer???
List the brands of tyre?
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