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Evolution of Atomic Model

The atomic model has changed over time based on new discoveries. John Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in 1808, viewing atoms as tiny solid balls. J.J. Thomson discovered electrons in 1897 and proposed a "raisin bun" model. Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus in 1911 through deflection experiments. Niels Bohr improved on this in 1913 by proposing electrons orbit in shells. James Chadwick discovered neutrons in 1932, and the modern model views electrons as clouds around the nucleus.

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101 views

Evolution of Atomic Model

The atomic model has changed over time based on new discoveries. John Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in 1808, viewing atoms as tiny solid balls. J.J. Thomson discovered electrons in 1897 and proposed a "raisin bun" model. Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus in 1911 through deflection experiments. Niels Bohr improved on this in 1913 by proposing electrons orbit in shells. James Chadwick discovered neutrons in 1932, and the modern model views electrons as clouds around the nucleus.

Uploaded by

AnimeOtaku Girl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Atomic Model

Atomic Theory Timeline


The atomic model has changed over time.

For over two centuries, scientists have


created different models of the atom.

As scientists have
learned more and more
about atoms, the atomic
model has changed.
Atomic Theory Timeline
Here is a timeline of some of the major ideas.

Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Chadwick Modern


But First, Democritus!
Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380
B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

He proposed that matter could NOT


be divided into smaller pieces forever.

He claimed that matter was


made of small, hard particles
that he called “atomos”
John Dalton - 1808
John Dalton created the very first atomic theory.

Dalton was an English school teacher who


performed many experiments on atoms.

Dalton viewed atoms


as tiny, solid balls.

His atomic theory


had 4 statements…
Dalton’s Theory

1. Atoms are tiny, invisible particles.

2. Atoms of one element are all the same.

3. Atoms of different elements are different.

4. Compounds form by combining atoms.


J.J. Thomson (1897)
J.J. Thomson discovered electrons.

He was the first scientist to show that the


atom was made of even smaller things.

He also proposed the


existence of a (+) particle…

His atomic model was known


as the “raisin bun model”…
Thomson’s Model

Atoms are made mostly out of (+)


charged material, like dough in a bun.

The (-) charged electrons are


found inside the (+) dough.
Ernest Rutherford (1911)
Rutherford discovered protons and the nucleus.

He showed that atoms have (+)particles in


the center, and are mostly empty space.

He called these (+)


particles protons.

He called the center


of atoms the nucleus.
Rutherford’s Experiment
Radioactive material
emits beam of (+) alpha
particles

Gold foil Screen

Most particles went Strangely, some


right through! particles are deflected
Rutherford’s Experiment
Gold Nucleus

a a a a

Most α particles went through the gold.


The atom is mostly empty space.
Rutherford’s Experiment

a a a a a a

SoTmheeaptaormtichleasddaefvleryteddeansned(o+t)hceersnetevre.n
bRoutnhceerfdorbdaccakl…ledthitisthweansuacclerauzs.y!
Niels Bohr (1913)
Niels Bohr improved on Rutherford’s model.

He proposed that electrons move around


the nucleus in specific layers, or shells.

Every atom has a


specific number of
electron shells.
James Chadwick (1932)
Chadwick discovered neutrons.

Working with Rutherford, he


discovered particles with nocharge.

He called these
particles neutrons.

Neutrons are also


found in the nucleus.
The Modern Model (1932-)
Work done since 1920 has changed the model.

The new atomic model has electrons


moving around the nucleus in a cloud.

It is impossible to
know where an
electron is at any
given time.
The Current Atomic Model

Electrons
Protons

Neutrons
Atomic Theory Timeline

Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Chadwick Modern

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