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Tissue Culture

Tissue culture is the growth of cells or tissues outside of the organism in a growth medium. It was first established in 1885 by Wilhelm Roux, who maintained chicken embryo tissue in a saline solution. Gottlieb Haberlandt first suggested the possibilities of isolating and culturing plant tissues. Modern tissue culture involves growing isolated cells or tissue explants from multicellular organisms in vitro in a culture medium that provides essential nutrients. It is an important tool for studying cell and tissue biology.

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217 views4 pages

Tissue Culture

Tissue culture is the growth of cells or tissues outside of the organism in a growth medium. It was first established in 1885 by Wilhelm Roux, who maintained chicken embryo tissue in a saline solution. Gottlieb Haberlandt first suggested the possibilities of isolating and culturing plant tissues. Modern tissue culture involves growing isolated cells or tissue explants from multicellular organisms in vitro in a culture medium that provides essential nutrients. It is an important tool for studying cell and tissue biology.

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Vrushabh Dhond
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Tissue Culture

The growth in an artificial medium of cells derived from


living tissue.
Tissue Culture
• Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells
separate from the organism. This is typically
facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid
growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue
culture commonly refers to the culture of animal
cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant
tissue culture being used for plants. The term
"tissue culture" was coined by American
pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows.
• In the right side figure,flasks containing tissue
culture growth medium which provides
nourishment to growing cells.
Historical use
• In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a section of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken
and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic
principle of tissue culture. In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated
the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of
clotted lymph. In 1913, E. Steinhardt, C. Israeli, and R. A. Lambert grew vaccinia virus in
fragments of guinea pig corneal tissue.[2] In 1996, the first use of regenerative tissue was
used to replace a small length of urethra, which led to the understanding that the
technique of obtaining samples of tissue, growing it outside the body without a scaffold,
and reapplying it, can be used for only small distances of less than 1 cm.[3]
• Gottlieb Haberlandt first pointed out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues,
plant tissue culture.[4] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue
culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be
determined by this method. Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue
and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and
medicine. His original idea, presented in 1902, was called totipotentiality: “Theoretically
all plant cells are able to give rise to a complete plant.”[5][6][7]
Modern use
In modern usage, tissue culture generally refers to the growth of cells from a tissue from a multicellular organism
in vitro. These cells may be cells isolated from a donor organism, "primary cells", or an immortalised cell line. The
cells are bathed in a culture medium, which contains essential nutrients and energy sources necessary for the
cells' survival.[8] The term tissue culture is often used interchangeably with cell culture
The literal meaning of tissue culture refers to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant culture.
Tissue culture is an important tool for the study of the biology of cells from multicellular organisms. It provides
an in vitro model of the tissue in a well defined environment which can be easily manipulated and analysed.
In animal tissue culture, cells may be grown as two-dimensional monolayers (conventional culture) or within
fibrous scaffolds or gels to attain more naturalistic three-dimensional tissue-like structures (3D culture). Eric
Simon, in a 1988 NIH SBIR grant report, showed that electrospinning could be used to produced nano- and
submicron-scale polymeric fibrous scaffolds specifically intended for use as in vitro cell and tissue substrates. This
early use of electrospun fibrous lattices for cell culture and tissue engineering showed that various cell types
would adhere to and proliferate upon polycarbonate fibers. It was noted that as opposed to the flattened
morphology typically seen in 2D culture, cells grown on the electrospun fibers exhibited a more rounded 3-
dimensional morphology generally observed of tissues in vivo.[9]
Plant tissue culture in particular is concerned with the growing of entire plants from small pieces of plant tissue,
cultured in medium

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