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History of Internet

The document discusses the history of the Internet. It describes how ARPANET was created in the 1960s to facilitate communication between universities and the military. ARPANET later evolved into the Internet in the 1980s when TCP/IP was adopted as the standard protocol. In the 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, creating HTML and the first web browser. The development of graphical web browsers in the mid-1990s popularized the Internet and fueled its explosive growth.

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Ruel Paredo
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495 views

History of Internet

The document discusses the history of the Internet. It describes how ARPANET was created in the 1960s to facilitate communication between universities and the military. ARPANET later evolved into the Internet in the 1980s when TCP/IP was adopted as the standard protocol. In the 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, creating HTML and the first web browser. The development of graphical web browsers in the mid-1990s popularized the Internet and fueled its explosive growth.

Uploaded by

Ruel Paredo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of Internet

RUEL G. PAREDO
Content
 Introduction
 Creation of ARPANET
 From ARPANET to Internet
 From Internet to the World Wide Web
 Development of the World Wide Web
 Short quizz
Creation of ARPANET (1)
 1957 – USSR launched Sputnik I
United States were shocked
 Advanced Research Projects
Agency
 Thechnological think-tank
 Space, ballistic missiles and nuclear
test monitoring
 Communication between operational
base and subcontracters
Creation of ARPANET (2)
 1962 – computer research program
 Leaded by John Licklider (MIT)
 Leonard Kleinrock published his first paper on
packet-switching theory
 1965 – first “wide area network” created
 Connection between Berkeley and MIT
Creation of ARPANET (3)
 1967 – plans for ARPANET
were published
 MIT – NPL (UK) – RAND
 1969 – Interface Message
Processor (IMP)
 4 computers (UCLA, SRI,
UCSB and UTAH)
 1971 – 23 host computers
(15 nodes)
From ARPANET to Internet (1)
 1972 – ARPANET went ‘public’
 ICCC
 First program for person-to-person communication
(e-mail)
 1973
 75% of all ARPANET traffic is e-mail
 First international connection (University College of
London)
From ARPANET to Internet (2)
 1974 – TCP/IP
 Each network should work on its own
 Within each network there would be a ‘gateway’
 Packages would be routed through the fastest
available route

 Large mainframe computers


 Several years of modification and redesign
From ARPANET to Internet (3)
 1974/1982 – Networks launched
 Telenet – first commercial version of ARPANET
 MFENet – researchers into Magnetic Fusion Energy
 HEPNet – researchers into High Energy Physics
 SPAN – space physicists
 Usenet – open system focusing on e-mail and
newsgroups
 Bitnet – university scientists using IBM computers
 CSNet – Computer Scientists in universities, industry
and government
 Eunet – European version of the Unix network
 EARN – European version of Bitnet
From ARPANET to Internet (4)
 1974/1982
 Very chaotic
 Different competing techniques and protocols
 ARPANET is still the backbone

 1982 – The internet is born using the TCP/IP


standard
From Internet to WWW (1)
 System expands
 Advances in computer capacities and speeds
 Introduction of glass-fibre cables
 Problems created by its own success
 More computers are linked (1984 – 1000 hosts)
 Large volume of traffic (success of e-mail)

 1984 – Introduction DNS


From Internet to WWW (2)
 Use of internet throughout the higher
educational system
 British government – Joint Academic Network
 US National Science Foundation – NSFNet

 NSFNet
 Use of TCP/IP
 Federal Agencies share cost of infrastructures
 NSFNet shared infrastructure
 Support behind the ‘Internet Activities Board’
 NSFNet provided the ‘backbone’
From Internet to WWW (3)
 NSFNet
 broke the capacity bottleneck
 encouraged a surge in Internet use
 1984 – 1,000 hosts
 1986 – 5,000 hosts
 1987 – 28,000 hosts
 1989 – 100,000 hosts
 1990 – 300,000 hosts
 encouraged the development of private Internet
providers

 Commercial users
From Internet to WWW (4)
 1990 – ARPANET was wound up
 1990 – first search-engine (Archie)
 1991 – NSF removed restrictions on private
access
 “Information superhighway” project
The World Wide Web (1)
 1989 – WWW concept
by Tim Berners-Lee

 1990 – first browser/editor program


The World Wide Web (2)
 National Center for SuperComputing
Applications launched Mosaic X
 Commercial websites began their proliferation
 Followed by local shool/club/family sites
 The web exploded
 1994 – 3,2 million hosts and 3,000 websites
 1995 – 6,4 million hosts and 25,000 websites
 1997 – 19,5 million hosts and 1,2 million websites
 January 2001 – 110 million hosts and 30 million
websites
The World Wide Web (3)
The World Wide Web (4)
 Some facts
 1994 – Hotmail starts web based email
 1994 – World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
was founded
 1995 – JAVA source code was released

 1996 – Mirabilis (Israel) starts ICQ

 1998 – Google is founded


The World Wide Web (5)
The World Wide Web (6)
Short quizz

Inwhat year USSR


launched Sputnik?
Who was the first
browser/editor
In what year The
internet is born
using the TCP/IP
standard
Meaning
of
ARPANET?
In what year first
“wide area network”
created?

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