Hardware Used for Input and Output
• Ports - Physical sockets that allow peripheral
devices to be connected
• Personal System - PS/2
• Video Graphics Adapter - VGA
• Universal Serial Bus - USB
• Input devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Output devices
• Monitor
• Printer
Ports Location
Cable Assignment
What’s Inside
System board
Storage Devices
• Floppy drive
• Hard drive
• CD / DVD ROM drive
• RAM
Power supply
Circuit boards
• CMOS (most CPUs)
• TTL
Peripheral / Power Cables
Hardware Inside the Computer Case
Complimentary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (CMOS) Chip
Requires less power
Holds data after electricity is
turned off
Generates less heat
System Board
Largest component of the computer
Accommodates the CPU
Better known as Motherboard
System Board
Components used for Processing
CPU or microprocessor
• Executes most computer processes
Chipset
• Relieves CPU of some processing
• Provides queuing of activities to increase
overall performance
Major Components of System Boards
Processing
• CPU
• Chipset that supports CPU by controlling
system board activities
Temporary storage
• Random Access Memory - RAM
• Cache memory
Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit
Current Processors
Temporary / Primary Storage Devices
Used by the CPU to process data
and instructions
Provided by RAM - Random
Access Memory
• SIMM (single inline memory modules)
• DIMM (dual inline memory modules)
Cache memory
SIMM and DIMM
Cache Memory
Cache Memory
New CPUs
• Stored inside CPU housing on a memory chip
that sits close to the CPU microchip
Older CPUs
• Stored on the system board either in individual
chips or on memory modules called COAST
(cache on a stick)
Permanent (Secondary) Storage
Devices
Remote to the system
Permanently holds data
Common devices
• Hard disk
• Floppy disk
• Flash drive
• CD / DVD ROM drive
System Board Components Used in
Communicating Among Devices
Bus
System clock
Expansion slots
• Industry Standard Architecture (ISA):
Used by older and / or slower devices
• Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI):
Used for high-speed input / output devices
• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP): Used
for video
• PCI Express (PCIe) – Provides a higher
bandwidth for peripherals
System Clock
Expansion Slots
Expansion Slots
Interface (Expansion) Cards
Circuit boards inserted into a slot on the system
board to enhance capability of the computer
Common types
• Video card
• Network Interface Card - NIC
• Internal modem
• Multi-media card
• Firewire
Peripherals
Video Card
Peripherals
Audio Card
Peripherals
Internal Modem
Power System
Power supply
• Supplies power
to the system
board and other
installed devices
• Provides 3.3, 5,
and 12 volts DC
Electrical System
Electrical System
Instructions and Data Stored on System
Board
ROM chips
• Contain permanent programming code
• Sometimes called BIOS chips
CMOS configuration chips
• Hold configuration or setup information
Jumpers or DIP switches
• Hold configuration information
ROM BIOS
CMOS Setup Chip
Jumpers
