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Hyper-Threading: Neil Chakrabarty William May

This document discusses hyper-threading, an Intel technology that allows a single physical processor to appear as multiple logical processors to the operating system. It reviews threading algorithms, describes how hyper-threading works by enabling unused processor resources to execute additional threads, and discusses advantages like better resource utilization and applications like improved performance for video processing with multiple threads. Potential disadvantages include non-determinism of threads and shared resource conflicts.

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Prince Kwasi Afful
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58 views17 pages

Hyper-Threading: Neil Chakrabarty William May

This document discusses hyper-threading, an Intel technology that allows a single physical processor to appear as multiple logical processors to the operating system. It reviews threading algorithms, describes how hyper-threading works by enabling unused processor resources to execute additional threads, and discusses advantages like better resource utilization and applications like improved performance for video processing with multiple threads. Potential disadvantages include non-determinism of threads and shared resource conflicts.

Uploaded by

Prince Kwasi Afful
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hyper-Threading

Neil Chakrabarty
William May
To Be Tackled

 Review of Threading Algorithms


 Hyper-Threading Concepts
 Hyper-Threading Architecture
 Advantages/Disadvantages
 Applications

2
Threading Algorithms
 Time-slicing
A processor switches between threads in
fixed time intervals.
 High expenses, especially if one of the
processes is in the wait state.
 Switch-on-event
 Task switching in case of long pauses
 Waiting for data coming from a relatively slow
source, CPU resources are given to other
processes
3
Threading Algorithms (cont.)
 Multiprocessing
 Distribute
the load over many processors
 Adds extra cost
 Simultaneous multi-threading
 Multiple threads execute on a single
processor without switching.
 Basis of Intel’s Hyper-Threading technology.

4
Hyper-Threading Concept
 At each point of time only a part of
processor resources is used for execution
of the program code.
 Unused resources can also be loaded, for
example, with parallel execution of another
thread/application.
 Extremely useful in desktop and server
applications where many threads are
used.
5
6
Hyper-Threading Architecture
 First used in Intel Xeon MP processor
 Makes a single physical processor appear as
multiple logical processors.
 Each logical processor has a copy of
architecture state.
 Logical processors share a single set of physical
execution resources

7
Hyper-Threading Architecture
 Operating systems and user programs can
schedule processes or threads to logical
processors as if they were in a
multiprocessing system with physical
processors.
 From an architecture perspective we have
to worry about the logical processors using
shared resources.
 Caches, execution units, branch predictors,
control logic, and buses.
8
Advantages
 Extra architecture only
adds about 5% to the
total die area.
 No performance loss if
only one thread is active.
Increased performance
with multiple threads
 Better resource
utilization.

9
Disadvantages
 To take advantage of hyper-threading
performance, serial execution can not be
used.
 Threads are non-deterministic and involve
extra design
 Threads have increased overhead
 Shared resource conflicts

10
Applications
 Video Watermark Detection
 Two stages
 Video Decoding
 Image-domain watermark detection

 Video Processing
3 stages
 Reading Video information
 Processing Video information

 Writing Video information

11
Video Watermarking

12
Performance Results

13
Video Processing
 Most time is spent in processing.

 Divide the video processing into threads


4 Threads in this example

 Have to worry about waiting until all


processing threads are done before writing
back the data out.
14
Video Processing (cont.)

15
To Be Tackled

 Review of Threads
 Hyper-Threading Concepts
 Hyper-Threading Architecture
 Advantages/Disadvantages
 Applications

16
References

 Intel Technology Journal. Volume 6 Issue 1. February


14, 2002
 Intel Hyper-Threading Technology Review
 www.digit-life.com/articles/pentium4xeonhyperthreading/
 HyperThreading Threads Its Way into Application
 http://www.tomshardware.com/cpu/20021227/
 Introduction to Multithreading, Superthreading and
Hyperthreading
 http://www.arstechnica.com/paedia/h/hyperthreading/hyperthrea
ding-1.html

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