3G

v/s
wifi

Presented by: Neha Agrawal

Neha Singh

3G-INTRODUCTION 1
3G-INTRODUCTION 2
Why Wireless?
 Delivers real time information.

 Helps in quick and accurate decision making.

 Continuous supply of information whenever needed.

 Increases productivity.

 Reduces costs via more accurate and timely data capture.

 Incorporate professionalism in the working in the organization.

3G-INTRODUCTION 3
 3G TECHNOLOGY
• 3G is one of the most
recent transmission
technologies.
• To completely
understand the modern
technology, we have to know
what is 3G standards and 3G
spectrum.
3G TECHNOLOGY 4
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Features
 Applications
 Technology history
 Concepts involved in 3G:
 Simplex vs. Duplex
 TDD vs. FDD
 Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Transmission
 TDMA vs. CDMA
 Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching
 How 3G network works?
 Communication in 3G Networks
 High Speed in 3G
 Conclusion

CONTENTS 5
 INTRODUCTION
The mobile communications industry has evolved in three
stages , and correspondingly three generations of mobile
phones have emerged thus far.
Each one has provided more flexibility and usability than
the previous ones.
 (1G) Analog
 (2G) Digital mobile phone

 (3G) Multimedia services

INTRODUCTION 6
3G (Third Generation) is the latest wireless technology.
It is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System).
3G cellular phones were first launched in Japan in
October 2001.
3G phone was designed so users would be able to surf
the Internet, view pictures of the people they are talking
to, watch movies and listen to music on their handsets .
It providing wireless access to the data & information to
the user from anywhere & anytime.

3G-INTRODUCTION 7
 FEATURES
1. With 3G, the information is split into
separate but related packets before being
transmitted and reassembled at the
receiving end.
2.The World Wide Web(www) is
becoming the primary communications
interface.
3.Speeds up to 2 Megabits per
second (Mbps) are achievable with 3G.

FEATURES 8
Features of 3g
 Global Roaming.
 Send and Receive E-Mail Messages.
 High Speed Web.
 Superior Voice Quality.
 Tele/Video Conferencing.
 Electronic agenda meeting reminder.
 3d Animation Games.
 Website creating Using Mobile Phones.
 Etc….

3G-INTRODUCTION 9
 working

3G-INTRODUCTION 10
 Evolution from 1G to 3G
 1G- First-generation wireless, telephone technology,cellphones.

 2G - Digital mobile phones, including those that use GSM, CDMA or

TDMA networks data-transfer rates ranging from 9.6 kb/s to 19.2
kb/s.

 2.5G- i-mode data services, camera phones,high speed circuit-

switched data(HSCSD),General packet radio service(GPRS). Data
transfer rates ranging from 56 kb/s to 170 kb/s.

 3G-Handle streaming video, two-way voice over IP, and Internet

content with high-quality graphics and plug-ins to a wireless phone.
maximum data rate of 2 Mb/s.
3G-INTRODUCTION 11
2g to 3g evolution

3G-INTRODUCTION 12
 APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS 13
 TECHNOLOGY HISTORY

TECHNOLOGY HISTORY 14
 CONCEPTS INVOLVED IN 3G:
• Simplex vs. Duplex
• TDD vs. FDD
• Symmetric vs. Asymmetric transmission
• TDMA vs. CDMA
• Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching

CONCEPTS INVOLVED IN 3G 15
 SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX
SIMPLEX

 In this, only one person can communicate at a time. Walkie-Talkie

uses simplex form of communication.
 Using a Walkie-Talkie we have to push a button to talk one-way..

CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX 16

 SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX
DUPLEX

 Allows simultaneous two-way communication.

 Channel from base station to device is known as downlink and
channel to device is known as uplink.

CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX 17

 FDD vs. TDD
FDD

• In FDD, there are two separate frequency bands : one band for the
uplink and one band for the downlink.
• The two bands are separated by a “guard band” which provides
isolation of two bands.

CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD 18

 FDD vs. TDD
TDD
• In this, the uplink and the
downlink frequency operate on the same
frequency, but they are switched very
rapidly one moment the channel is sending
the uplink signal, the next moment the channel
is sending the downlink signal.
• TDD requires a “guard time” instead
of a guard band between transmit
and receive streams.

CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD 19

 SYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION
vs.
ASYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION
• Data Transmission is Symmetric if the
data in the downlink and the data in the
uplink is transmitted at the same data
rate. Ex-voice transmission.

•In Asymmetric Transmission, data in

the downlink and data in the uplink are
transmitted at different data rates. Ex-
internet..

CONCEPTS-SYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION vs. ASYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION 20

 TDMA vs. CDMA
TDMA
TDMA is Time Division Multiple Access. It works by dividing a single
radio frequency into many small time slots. Each caller is assigned a
specific time slot for transmission.

CDMA
CDMA is Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA works by giving each user
a unique code. The receiver has knowledge of the sender’s unique code, and
is therefore able to extract the correct signal no matter what the frequency.

CONCEPTS—TDMA vs. CDMA 21

 CIRCUIT SWITCHING
vs.
PACKET SWITCHING
CIRCUIT SWITCHING
Traditional connections for voice connections require a physical path
connecting the users at the two ends of the line, and that path stays
open until the conversation ends. This kind of connection is called
circuit switching.

CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-CIRCUIT SWITCHING 22

 CIRCUIT SWITCHING
vs.
PACKET SWITCHING
PACKET SWITCHING
Packet Data:
• chopped into pieces(packets).
• given a destination address.
• mixed from other data from other sources.
• transmitted over a line with all the other data.
• reconstituted at the other end.

CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-PACKET SWITCHING 23

 HOW 3G WORKS..?

HOW 3G WORKS..? 24
 HOW 3G WORKS..?

• TDD mode does not allow long range transmissions.

• For this reason, TDD mode can only be used in
environments where the propagation delay is small.
• TDD mode is highly efficient for transmission of
internet data in Pico cells.
HOW 3G WORKS..?
25
 COMMUNICATION IN 3G
NETWORKS
IN PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGIES:
• In GSM technology, instead of setting up a dedicated circuit, a small
portion of the airwaves are reserved for our call.
• This is a bad way of dividing up the available airwaves because the
spaces and pauses in speech may get the same priority as the words.

IN GSM TECHNOLOGY:
• 3G networks change all this. Instead of reserving airspace each
conversation is chopped up into packets , each one of which is labeled
with a code denoting which dialogue it is from.

COMMUNICATION IN 3G NETWORKS 26
 HIGH SPEED IN 3G
• On current GSM networks data chugs around at 9.6
kilobits per second(kbps).
• By contrast the upper limit for 3G networks is 2
megabits per second if you are standing still and 384
kbps for those on the move.
• This radical change means 3G mobile networks can
support lots more subscribers and let them download
data much faster.

HIGH SPEED IN 3G 27
 3G in India
3G is going to come in two different flavours.
Firstly, existing operators with 2G or 2.5G technology
are going to upgrade to 3G.
Secondly, many new operators and some foreign
players are also going to enter the market with 3G.
Secondly, many new operators and some foreign
players are also going to enter the market with 3G.

3G-INTRODUCTION 28
 WiFi
WiFi is the popular name for the wireless Ethernet 802.11b
standard for WLANS.

WiFi LANS operate using unlicensed spectrum 2.4GHZ

band.
Each base station can support connections only over a
range of a hundred meters.
Number of Service Providers that are offering WiFi
services.

3G-INTRODUCTION 29
 Wifi’ What it stands
for?
Wi-fi suggests Wireless-Fidelity,
compared with the long established
audio recording term High Fidelity or
 Hi-Fi.”
Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term
 meaning IEEE 802.11x

3G-INTRODUCTION 30
 When Wi-Fi
Originated ?
The precursor to wi-fi was invented in 1991 by NCR
Corporation in Nieuwegein, the Netherland.
The first wireless products were brought on the
market under the name WaveLAN with speeds of 1
Mbit/s to 2 Mbit/s.
Vic Hayes has been named as father of “Wi-Fi’’.

3G-INTRODUCTION 31
How Wi-Fi Works?

3G-INTRODUCTION 32
 What a wireless network
is made up of:
Radios which send and receive signals from other radios or access
points, usually PCMCIA* cards which fit into Laptop expansion
slots, or PCI Bus in case of Desktop computers. (There are other,
simpler options using USB).
PDAs like Blackberry, and Pocket PC having a compact flash slot
can also connect.

Wireless Network cards

3G-INTRODUCTION 33
 The base station sends and receives radio signals to and from the Wi-Fi
radio in your laptop or PC, enabling you to share your Internet
connection with other users on the network. Access points and
gateways have a wide range of features and performance capabilities,
but they all provide this basic network
connection service.

Base stations, Access points, or Gateways

3G-INTRODUCTION 34
 Commercial WiFi
C.W. services are available in
places such as Internet cafes,
Coffee houses and Airports
around the world.

3G-INTRODUCTION 35
“Open Smart Classroom"
by using 3G Technology
 Both Remote and Local area
 Students can easily get interact with
 queries, and listen at the same time.

 Access in
 Inside campus – WI-FI
 Remote areas - WI-MAX

3G-INTRODUCTION 36
Block 2
Block 1
WI-Fi-
Inside
Campus

Block 3

3G-INTRODUCTION
Inside Campus37
Area-2

Area-1
Wi-MAX

Both remote areas and

Local area
Area-3

3G-INTRODUCTION 38
Remote area
Local area

3G-INTRODUCTION 39
Typical Community Wifi
Constituents

High gain Parabolic grid antennas to beam the signal to over

30km from tower to tower..

Sector antennas to beam the signal from the towers to the

community users

3G-INTRODUCTION 40
 Customer Premises equipment (CPE) to access the signal from
the towers..

Other components that need to be installed in order to put the above

systems together

3G-INTRODUCTION 41
About Radio Frequency
There is no wire connection between sender and
receiver.
Two types of RF is used-
1-direct sequence spread spectrum radio technology.
2-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

3G-INTRODUCTION 42
 Advantages of
Wi-Fi
Wi-fi can make access publicly available at wi-fi
hotspots.
Does not require regulatory approval for individual.
Wi-fi network can support roaming, in which a
mobile client station such as a laptop computer can
move from one access point to another as the user
moves around a building or area.
Wi-fi allows local area network to deployed without
wires for client devices.
3G-INTRODUCTION 43
 Threats of security

Wi-fi works with no physical wired connection

between sender and receiver by using radio frequency.
The most common wireless encryption standards,
wired equivalent privacy has been shown to be using
breakable even when correctly configured.

3G-INTRODUCTION 44
 Capabilities and Uses
High data transmission rate and high reliability in all weather conditions, and an
always available (95% Uptime) network makes wifi a robust solution suitable
for high bandwidth applications….

Online video-conferencing with greater clarity.

Telephony, using VoIP.
Revenue-model for budding start∙∙-up ISPs.
Broadband in the true sense.
Easier reach into far-flung rural areas.
Ability to add more nodes as and when required.
Less maintenance overheads, especially in Rural areas where
technical manpower is scarce.

3G-INTRODUCTION 45
Pune to be India's first wi-fi
city

3G-INTRODUCTION 46
How are WiFi and 3G same?

Both are wireless

 Both are access Technology
 Both offer broadband data service

3G-INTRODUCTION 47
How are They Different?
 The important ways in which WiFi and 3G
approaches to offering broadband wireless
access services are substantively different.

 Current Business Model is Different

 3G represents an extension of the mobile service-
provider model. His is the technology of choice for
upgrading existing mobile telephone services to
expand capacity and add enhanced services.

3G-INTRODUCTION 48
2. Spectrum policy and management
 One of the key distinctions between 3G and WiFi.
 Mobile Technology use licensed spectrum, while WiFi uses
unlicensed shared spectrum.
Important Implications for
1) Cost of service,
2) Quality of Service (QOS) and congestion management,
3) Industry Structure.
 Licensed spectrum is expensive.
 Unlicensed spectrum used by WiFi imposes strict power limits on
users.
 It easier for a 3G provider to market a service.
 A WiFi network can address the problem of congestion
associated with users on the same WiFi network.
3G-INTRODUCTION 49
3. Status of Technology development
different
The two technology differ with respect to their stage of
development in a number of was.

 Development status3333
 Embedded support for services


 Embedded serial-to-Wi-fi
 Module

3G-INTRODUCTION 50
3G and WiFi is their embedded support for voice services.
Potential advantages of 3G over WiFi is that 3G offers better
support for private communications than does WiFi.
Standardization
Service/Business model
3G is more developed than WiFi as a business and service
model.
WiFi is more developed with respect to the upstream
supplier markets.
Both 3G and WiFi access face great supplier.

3G-INTRODUCTION 51
3G-INTRODUCTION 52
 References…
 www.wikipedia.org
 http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Wi_Fi.html
 http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/300310/
csiro_settles_wireless_battle

3G-INTRODUCTION 53
 CONCLUSION
• In 3G networks, using packets of information to carry
voice and data also means that your phone is
effectively always connected to the network.
• Mobile operators will have to stop charging on the
basis of talk time and move to a model based on the
packets you download or a single charge per month
covering anything and everything you do.
• The day of 3G may be dawning but it will be a long
time before the Sun sets on our existing mobile
phones.

CONCLUSION 54