SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS

Patent Number :- CN104914830A

Publication of CN104914830A:- 2015-09-16
Contents :-
•Abstract
•Introduction
•Components Used
•Block Diagram
•Description
•Working
•Advantages
•Limitations
•Future scope
•Conclusion
Abstract :-
• An intensive utilization of water resources in industries, agriculture, and
groundwater consumption by humans for various purposes has degraded the water
levels.
• The system controlled in two modes first is manual and second is automatic
control for controlling the operation of water pump.
• The pump is controlled by using Atmega328P IC which is programmable in nature
using relay as switch and taking the feedback from soil moisture sensor and rain
sensor for controlling the water pump.
• The manual control is done by using HTML webpage by BOLT IOT module.
Introduction :-
• The cloud control technology is developing with fast pace and entering each and
every sector and drastically improving the condition of sector.
• both cloud and IOT technologies for controlling the irrigation system.
• A BOLT IOT module is used for receiving commands from user and transmitting
data to cloud server for analyzing.
• the BOLT module is connected with Atmega328P for controlling the system
which is further connected with soil moisture sensor.
• Soil moisture sensor sends data regarding water content of soil for controlling
water pump and a rain sensor for sensing rain.
Components Used :-

• Atmega328P
• Soil moisture sensor
• BOLT IOT Module
• Rain sensor
• Relay
Block Diagram :-
Atmega328P :-
• The Atmega328P IC is a programmable
microcontroller IC.
• Atmega328P is an 8-bit and 28 Pins AVR
Microcontroller.
• Atmega328P is high performance, low power
controller from Microchip.
• Atmega328P  is an 8-bit microcontroller based
on AVR RISC architecture.
Atmega328P :-
• IC which is used for taking input from sensors and controlling the connected
electrical units to it.
• The Atmega328P is programmed in C, C++ language by using Arduino IDE
software.
• The Atmega328P have digital write pins for digital input and output and analog
write pins for analogue input and output.
•  It has 8 Pin for ADC operations, which all combines to form Port A (PA0 – PA7 ).
Soil moisture sensor :-

• Soil moisture sensor is a measurement sensor.

• The working principle of is very simple, it
detects the resistance of soil or the moisture
present in the soil.
• When soil contain more water it conductivity
of current will increase i.e. less resistance.
• When the soil contain less water it will
conduct less current resulting in high
resistance.
• Thus by calculating the current flow we can
detect the moisture of soil.
Soil moisture sensor :-
• LM293 comparator is used in the soil
moisture sensor as it is used as a voltage
comparator.
• LM-293 is the most common device in the
market these days due to its high performance
and cost effectiveness.
•  The sensor creates a voltage proportional to
the current, and therefore the water content
of the soil.
• Soil Moisture Sensor work between 3.3V-5V.
The analog value returned will vary
depending on what voltage is provided for
the sensor.
BOLT IOT Module :-

• The BOLT module is an IOT based module

designed by BOLT.
• This module is internet of things hardware
and software platform. This enables users to
build IOT based projects.
• The BOLT provides a cloud platform for save
data online which can be accessed by user
anywhere with internet connectivity.
• Bolt is an IOT platform that helps to connect
the devices to the internet.
BOLT IOT Module :-
•  Bolt comes with a Wi Fi/GSM Chip to connect sensors to the Internet.
• Can configure this system over the Bolt cloud to receive, store and visualize the
data.
• six analog input pins.
• 12 Digital I/O pins
• In Output mode each pin can source a maximum current of 40mA but
it is recommended that user uses them for only 20mA max.
• Using BOLT, users can control and monitor devices from any part of the world.
Rain sensor :-
• The rain sensors detects the rain.
• The basic principle of working is checking
resistance of sensor, and the sensor comprises
two different conduction printed leads on
whole surface.
• When water droplets fall on surface of sensor
it completes the circuit and thus creating a
resistance which is far less than open circuit
resistance of sensor and the sensed data is sent
to controlling unit.
Rain sensor :-
• There is an another working principle which works on the total internal reflection
and these are mainly used in vehicles as these consists of glass around and allows
the light to fall in sensor.
•  Rain Sensor module allows to measure moisture via analog output pins and it
provides a digital output.
• It needs 24V of power supply.
Relay :-
• A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is
actuated by an electrical current. The current flowing in
one circuit causes the opening or closing of another
circuit.
• It works on the principle of an electromagnetic
attraction. When the circuit of the relay senses the fault
current, it energizes the electromagnetic field which
produces the temporary magnetic field. This magnetic
field moves the relay armature for opening or closing the
connections.
Working :-
• The BOLT module receives command from the user via
internet using HTML webpage regarding turning on/off
the system.
• After receiving command from user the system check
the soil moisture using sensor and depending upon the
readings of sensor system starts the water pump or
motor.
• If soil contain sufficient water then the control won’t
start the motor. The rain sensor continuously checks for
rain.
Working :-
• If rain starts the sensor detects and send signal to
control unit and the control unit stops the water
pump or motor depending on the sensor data.
• The control unit continuously sends sensors data to
cloud storage using BOLT module and generates
graphical representation of the data.
Advantages :-
• Wireless monitoring of field irrigation system reduces human intervention
• It allows remote monitoring and controlling on android phone.
• Can be viewed historically stored data and produce the graphs to view trends.
• Used to pump the water automatically.
• Allows to the condition of climate, soil, moisture content.
Limitations :-
• Privacy : Since the whole system is connected to the network there are some
security issues.
• Compatibility : Apple devices don’t accept the connectivity with any other device.
• Complexity :  If there comes a bug all of a sudden or electricity goes off there
would be so much of problem since everyone will be dependent on the IOT
technology only.
• Network Connection Dependency.
• Loss of Control.
• Security.
• Sensors used work up to limited area so these need to be repeated.
Future Scope :-
• Monitoring pH, conductivity, temperature, humidity of the soil for the best
growing conditions.
• Monitoring the water quality.
• Monitoring the environmental aspects using sensors.
• Updating sensor information to cloud with a time gap.
• Global system for mobile communications(GSM) can be used to send the message
to the farmer.
• Can built the high security systems.
• Maintaining the supply of water depending on the climate conditions.
Modifications in the patent :-
• The sensors like Gas, Temperature, Humidity, can also be added so that the crop
can be maintained well in the future.
• GSM module can also be instead of BOLT module so that user can get the
message when the actual values of the soil get changed.
• Since the some part of the village may not have fast network festival so it will be
better to use GSM module.
• Node MCU, ESP8266 can be used in order to receive and transmit the data and
also helps to upload some kind of Arduino sketches. Since the sketches of Arduino
cannot be copied into the BOLT.
Conclusion :-
• The system worked as designed and planned, it optimally control the water pump
and highly reduced the electricity consumption of farm by 30%.
• The production of farm is increased by 17.23% because of controlled water
supply to crops.
• In future more sensors will be implemented for controlling the water pump and for
collection of different climatic condition data for analyzing and improving the
farming.