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Phylum Cnidaria 2019-20 XI D Eashita (41)

Cnidarians are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and two basic body forms - polyps and medusae. They have stinging cells called cnidocytes that aid in defense and prey capture. Cnidarians exhibit indirect development and alternation of generations, with some species having both polyp and medusa stages in their lifecycles. They reproduce both sexually and asexually, with asexual reproduction occurring through budding or splitting. Common cnidarians include jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydroids.

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202 views17 pages

Phylum Cnidaria 2019-20 XI D Eashita (41)

Cnidarians are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and two basic body forms - polyps and medusae. They have stinging cells called cnidocytes that aid in defense and prey capture. Cnidarians exhibit indirect development and alternation of generations, with some species having both polyp and medusa stages in their lifecycles. They reproduce both sexually and asexually, with asexual reproduction occurring through budding or splitting. Common cnidarians include jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydroids.

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Manoj Jha
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PHYLUM

CNIDAR
BY EASHITA JHA

I
XI D ROLL NO. 41
2019-2020
INTRODUCTION
 The word cnidaria is derived from the the
greek word “cnidos”.
 Cnidarians exhibit tissue level of
organisation and have a central gastro-
vascular cavity with a huge opening, mouth
on hypostome.
 Digestion is extracellular and intracellular .
Some of the cnidarians like corals have a
skeleton composed of calcium carbonate.
Cnidarians exihibit two basic body forms –
polyp and medusa..
CHARACTERISTATION OF CNIDARIA
 They are Diploblastic and have radial
symmetry.
 Mostly marine but some live in freshwater .
 They have two germ layers- endoderm and
ectoderm and a non cellular layer called
mesoglea.
 They are sessile or free swimming.
TWO BODY FORMS

 POLYPS – Cylindrical forms that adhere


to the substrate by the aboral end
( opp. Of mouth) of the body and
extends their tentacles waiting for prey.
 Medusa- Flattened mouth down version
of a polyp. Moves freely in the water
 Some Cnidarians are just one, while
others have both stageṣ(e.g. Obelia and
Physalia)
Physalia and obelia has both medusa and polyp.

PHYSALIA OBELIA
CNIDOCYTE
 A cnidocyte (also
known as a cnidoblast or
nematocyte) is a cell
containing one giant
secretory organelle or
cnida (plural cnidae)
that defines the phylum
Cnidaria (corals, sea
anemones, hydrae,
jellyfish, etc.). Cnidae
are used for prey
capture and defense
from predators
Diet and behaviour
 Cnidarians are carnivores and use their
tentacles to feed on plankton and other
small organisms in the water. They fish using
their stinging cells: when a trigger at the end
of the cnidocyte is activated, the thread
unfurls outward, turning inside out, and then
the thread wraps around or stabs into the
tissue of the prey, injecting a toxin.
 Some cnidarians, such as corals, are
inhabited by algae (e.g., zooxanthellae),
which undergo photosynthesis, a process
that provides carbon to the host cnidarian.
reproduction
 Sexual
 Cnidarian sexual reproduction often involves a
complex life cycle with both polyp and medusa
 stages. For example, in Scyphozoa (jellyfish) and 
Cubozoa (box jellies) a larva swims until it finds a
good site, and then becomes a polyp. This grows
normally but then absorbs its tentacles and splits
horizontally into a series of discs that become
juvenile medusae, a process called strobilation. The
juveniles swim off and slowly grow to maturity, while
the polyp re-grows and may continue strobilating
periodically. They show indirect development . For
example- the larvae of Obelia is Plannula.
Alteration of generation
 Alternation of generation is also known as
metagenesis.  It is a phenomenon whereby,
in the life history of an organism, a diploid
asexual phase and a haploid sexual phase
regularly
ASEXUAL alternate with each other .
REPRODUCTION
All known cnidarians can reproduce 
asexually by various means, in addition to
regenerating after being fragmented. 
Hydrozoan polyps only bud, while the
medusae of some hydrozoans can divide
down the middle. Scyphozoan polyps can
both bud and split down the middle. In
Metagenesis is seen in physalia and obelia
examples
Gorgonia Meandrina
(sea fan) (BRAIN CORAL)
Sea anemone Aurelia (Aurelia
(Adamsia) aurita)
 PENNATULA(SEA  HYDRA
PEN)

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