HISTORY OF PULAU MAWAR
MERSING,JOHOR
Project Background
• Pulau Mawar is an island and is located in Johor,
Malaysia. The estimate terrain elevation above sea level
is 35 meters. Pulau Mawar (Rose Island) is located about
26km from Mersing town. It is a 20 mins walk on beach
from the main land
• . Access to certain parts of the island requires skillful
manoeuvring on big rocks, therefore it may be a bit more
difficult for kids and the elderlies.
The Study Of Rock.
• Sedimentary rocks are the second major rock group. It is
formed from fine constituents of rock usually from
mountainous areas which are transported to lower
elevation due to certain processes.
• After traveling at some distance it may get deposited over
some existing rocks which on consolidation will result in
formation of what as known as sedimentary rocks
• Sedimentary rocks cover about 70% of surface of
continents but less than 10% of rocks in the earth's crust
and most encountered in construction projects.
TYPE OF ROCK IN AYER HITAM
IGNEOUS ROCK SENDIMENTARY ROCK
• Common sedimentary rock are :-
INTRUSIVE ROCK EXTRUSIVE ROCK • Shale
• Sandstone
• Limestone
• Form from • Have fine- • Conglomerate
magma grained texture • In construction industry :-
• Have a coarse (Individual • Limestone and sandstone are use in
texture. mineral are not building construction
(Individual visible unless
minerals are magnified).
visible without • In construction
magnification) used in
stablizing and
stone pitching.
Igneous Rock
Sendimentary Rock
WEATHERING PROCESS
• Weathering occurs because most of rocks in equilibrium with
higher temperatures and pressure deep within the earth.
• Organic activities, activities of plants and animal also promote
rock disintegation
Example of organic activities
Oxidation process at the rock.
Geological Structure
Fault and Joint
TYPE OF SLOPE THAT HAVE IN AYER
HITAM
Wedge failure: (Joint 1, Joint 2)
JOINT DIP DIRECTION ( ̊ ) DIP ANGLE ( ̊ )
Joint 1 73 45
Joint 2 69 61
WEDGE FAILURE AT AYER
HITAM
PULAU MAWAR
No Type Dip direction Dip strike Persistence Apature (mm) Infilling Roughness Water
(̊) angle ( ̊ (̊) (m)
)
1. Fault 37 313 65 10 Very Narrow Clean Rough Dry
PULAU MAWAR
2. Joint 60 324 48 9 Very Narrow Others Rough Dry
3. Joint 34 304 78 2 Narrow Clean Rough Dry
4. Joint 21 302 40 2.5 Moderately Clean Rough Dry
Wide
5. Joint 23 290 41 2 Moderately Clean Rough Dry
Wide
6. Slope 112 26 79 2 Narrow Clean Rough Dry
WEATHERING
• First, it is because surrounding factors such as, the rock
from Pulau Mawar having a weathering proses
• Weathering is a general term describing all changes that
result from the exposure of rock materials to the
atmosphere
• Physical weathering is a term used in science that refers
to the geological process of rocks breaking apart without
changing their chemical composition
The rock having Frost action, that occur when water freezer and
expands within crack in rock enlarging them.
Honeycomb
Combination of
moisture and salts
(halite, gypsum, etc.)
has been found to
cause scaling or decay
of building stones.
• Due to growth of salt the rock break apart
physically.
• Disinegration of rock occur due to expansion of salt
crystal (former voids)
• Organic activity with regards to
weathering and ersion.
• Tre roots growing into crevices, linches growing on
rock and animals burrowing into dirt.
• Pulau Mawar also having chemical weathering.
• Chemical reactions produced minerals of increased
volume.
• The decomposition produce a chemical breakdown
of rock, which may destroy the original minerals and
produce new ones while expansion will result in
break up of rock.
Tree roots growing into
crevices
• Wedge failure appering in Pulau
Mawar
• Wedge failure of rock slope result
when mass slides along two
intersection discontinuties.
