Anatomy Of Female Reproductive

System

Cindy Leonie
 External Female Structures

•Collectively, the external

female reproductive
organs are called the
Vulva.
 External Female Structures

• Mons Pubis.
• Labia Majora
• Labia Minora.
• Clitoris.
• Vagina.
• Vestibule.
• Perineum
Genitalia Eksterna
Internal Female Structures

•Uterus
•Fallopian tubes
•Ovaries
 Uterus
• The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped
muscular organ.

• The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5

X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60
gm.
• Its normal position is anteverted (rotated
forward and slightly antiflexed (flexed
forward)

• The uterus divided into three parts

 1. Body of the uterus

• The upper part is the corpus, or body

of the uterus
• The fundus is the part of the body or
corpus above the area where the
fallopian tubes enter the uterus.
• Length about 5 cm.
 2. Isthmus
• A narrower transition zone.
• Is between the corpus of the uterus and
cervix.
• During late pregnancy, the isthmus
elongates and is known as the lower
uterine segment.
 3. Cervix

• The lowermost position of the

uterus “neck”.
• The length of the cervix is about
2.5 t0 3 cm.
• The os, is the opening in the cervix that
runs between the uterus and vagina.
• The upper part of the cervix is marked
by internal os and the lower cervix is
marked by the external os.
Female reproductive system: the
uterus…
The uterus is a hollow,
muscular, pear-shaped organ
about the size of a woman’s
clenched fist. The top is tipped
forward in a normal
‘anteflexion’ position. It can
be divided into the body or
corpus, and the bottom cervix.
The rounded top portion,
above the fallopian tubes, is
called the fundus.
Female reproductive system: the
uterus…

The uterus is supported and held

in position by a number of
ligaments. Trauma, disease, or
multiple pregnancies can
weaken these ligaments and
result in abnormal positioning.
Female reproductive system: the
uterus…
The uterus wall
has 3 layers: the
outside layer
Outer layer
called the (Perimetrium)
perimetrium, the
Thick layer of muscle
muscular inside (Myometrium)

layer called the Mucous lining

myometrium, and (Endometrium)

the mucous
membrane lining
the uterus called
The cervical opening is about
the endometrium.
the diameter of a pencil.
Female reproductive system: the
uterus…
The uterus has 3 functions:
1. The endometrium sheds
the lining of the uterus
every 21 to 40 days by
menstruation
2. It provides a place for the
protection and
nourishment of the fetus
during pregnancy

3. It contracts during labor to expel the fetus

 Fallopian tubes
• The two tubes extended from the
cornu of the uterus to the ovary.
• It runs in the upper free border of
the broad ligament.
• Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
• Its divided into 4 parts.
Female reproductive system: the
fallopian tubes…
Tube widens to form the End of tube is
ampulla (am pyu lah) called the
infundibulum
The isthmus is (in fun DIB yū lum)
the portion that
connects to
uterus
Fimbria (fihm bree ah) are Opening
the finger-like projections is called
around the opening that trap the
the egg as it leaves the ostium
ovary (ah stē um)
 Female reproductive system: the
fallopian tubes…

The fallopian tube is 4-6 inches long. The egg, released

from the ovary, is captured by the fimbria and brought
into the fallopian tube. The egg is moved along inside
the tube by muscular contractions and the waving action
of cilia. It takes an egg about 3-4 days to travel the
length of the tube. If an egg is fertilized, it occurs here.
 Ovaries
• Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length
respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.

• Ovary is located on each side of the uterus,

below and behind the uterine tubes
Female reproductive system: the
ovaries…
The two ovaries are
attached to each
side of the uterus
by a ligament. They
are oval-shaped,
about the size of a
large olive, and lie
close to the fimbria
at the end of the
fallopian tubes.
Each ovary is filled, already at birth, with egg-
containing sacs called follicles. Each egg is called
an ovum.
Female reproductive system: the ovaries
and ova…
Once every 21 days,
one follicle in one
ovary ripens. This
mature follicle is a
graafian (GRAW fee un)
follicle. The follicle
ruptures in response
to hormones from the After the follicle ruptures, it
pituitary gland, becomes a mass of yellow
releasing the cells called the corpus
ovum/egg… a process luteum. This is a temporary,
called ovulation. progesterone-producing
structure.
 Vagina
• It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube
and membranous tissue about 8 to
10 cm long.
• Lying between the bladder
anteriorly and the rectum
posteriorly.
• The vagina connects the uterus
above with the vestibule below.

• The upper end is blind and called

the vaginal vault.
• The vaginal lining has multiple folds, or rugae
and muscle layer. These folds allow the vagina
to stretch considerably during childbirth.
•The reaction of the vagina is acidic,
the pH is 4.5 that protects the vagina
against infection.
 Functions of the vagina

• To allow discharge of the

menstrual flow.
• As the female organs of coitus.
• To allow passage of the fetus from
the uterus.
Female reproductive system: the
vagina…
The vagina extends
from the cervix to the
outside of the body. It
is a 3 ½ inch long
muscular tube that
expands in length and
width during sexual
arousal.
The vagina is the female organ for copulation
(sexual intercourse), receiving the seminal fluid
from the male penis. It is also a passageway for
menstruation or the birth of a fetus.
Female reproductive system: the vulva…
The vulva is 5 organs making up the
external genitalia of the female:
1. Mons pubis: triangular-shaped pad
of fatty tissue over the pubis bone,
covered with pubic hair

2. Labia majora: 2 large folds of adipose tissue on the sides

of the vaginal opening
3. Labia minora: 2 smaller folds of adipose tissue on the
inside of the labia majora
4. Vestibule: area between labia with openings for the
vagina, urethra, and two excretory ducts for Bartholin’s
glands (provide lubricant)
5. Clitoris: sensitive fold of tissue partially covered by hood
Female reproductive system: the vulva…

The perineum is the area

located between the vaginal
opening and the anus. It is
a muscular sheet that can
be torn during childbirth.

Perineum

Some doctors avoid

uncontrolled tearing of
the perineum by making
a surgical incision called
an episiotomy.
Female reproductive system: the
breasts… The breasts are the
mammary glands, varying
in size according to age,
heredity, and the amount
of fatty tissue present.
Each breast has 15-20
glandular lobes
separated by connective
tissue. After childbirth,
the pituitary gland
stimulates these lobules
with the hormone
prolactin… and they
produce milk.
Female reproductive system: the
breasts…
The dark-colored circle at
the tip of the breast is
called the areola
(ah REE ah lah). It
contains sebaceous
glands to keep the skin
conditioned. In the center
is the nipple, where ducts
from the lobules open.
The first secretion from Colostrum contains
the breast is not a true nutrients and the
milk, but a thin yellowish mother’s immunities
substance called that can protect baby.
Pembuluh Darah
Kelenjar Limfe
 Support structures
•The bony pelvis support and protects
the lower abdominal and internal
reproductive organs.
• Muscle, Joints and ligaments
provide added support for
internal organs of the pelvis
against the downward force of
gravity and the increases in
intra-abdominal pressure
 Bony Pelvis
• Bony Pelvis Is Composed of 4
bones:
1. Two hip bones.
2. Sacrum.
3. Coccyx.
 1. Two hip bones.
• Each or hip bone is composed
of three bones:
*Ilium
*Ischium
*Pubis
 *Ilium
• It is the flared out part.
• The greater part of its inner aspect
is smooth and concave, forming
the iliac fossa.
• The upper border of the ilium is
called iliac crest
 *Ischium
• It is the thick lower part.
• It has a large prominence
known as the ischial tuberosity
on which the body rests while
sitting.
•Behind and little above the
tuberosity is an inward
projection the ischial spine.
 2. Sacrum
• Is a wedge shaped bone consisting of
five vertebrae.
• The anterior surface of the sacrum is
concave
• The upper border of the first sacral
vertebra known as the sacral
promontory
 3. Coccyx.

• Consists of four
vertebrae forming a
small triangular bone.