Staircase

AutoCAD
By
Dr. Ather Ali
 What Is a Stair?
• “ A stair is a system of steps by which people
and objects may pass from one level of
abuilding to another.”
• A stair is to be designed to span large vertical
distance by dividing it into smaller vertical
distances, called steps.
 Location of Stairs
• It should be so located as to provide ease access
to the occupants of the building.
• It should be so located that it should be well
lighted and ventilated directly from the exterior.
• It should be so located as to have approaches
convenient and spacious.
• If public building, it should be located near main
entrance and in residential building it should be
placed centrally.
 Technical Terms
• Baluster :- It is vertical member of wood
or metal supporting the hand rail.
• Handrail :- The inclined rail over the
string is called hand rail.
• Newel Post :- This is the vertical member
which is placed at the ends of flights to
connect handrail.
• Soffit :- It is underside of a stair.
• Waist :- The thickness of structural slab in
case of an R.C.C stair is known as waist.
• Nosing :- It is the projecting part of the
tread beyond the face of the riser. It is
rounded to give good architectural effect.
 Technical Terms
• Scotia :- It is a moulding provided under
the nosing to improve the elevation of
the step.
• Step :- It is a portion of stair which
provide ascent and descent. It is
comprised of tread and riser.
• Tread :- It is the upper horizontal
portion of a step upon which the feet is
placed while ascending or descending.
• Rise :- It is a vertical distance between
two successive tread faces.
• Going :- It is the horizontal distances
between two successive riser faces.
• Riser :- It is the vertical portion of a step
providing a support to the tread.
 Technical Terms
• Flight :- A series of step s without any
platform, break or landing in their
direction.
• Landing :- It is the level platform at the
top or bottom of a flight between the
floors.
• Pitch or Slope :- It is the angle which
the line of nosing of the stair makes
with the horizontal.
• Line of nosing :- It is an imaginary line
touching of each tread and is parallel
to the slope of the stair.
• Run :- It is the total length of stairs in a
horizontal plane, including planes.
 Technical Terms
• Headroom :- It is the minimum clear vertical
distance between the tread and ceiling. The
minimum headroom in all parts of the stairway
shall not be less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm).
• Winders :- These are tapering steps which are
provided for changing the direction of stair.
• Strings or Stringers :- These are the sloping
wooden members which support the steps in a
stair. They run along the slope of the stair.
• Balustrade or Barrister :- The combined
framework of handrail and balusters is known as
balustrade or barrister.
• Walking Line :- The approximate line of
movement of people on a stair during ascending
or descending is known as walking line and it is
situated at a distance of 450mm from the centre
of the handrail.
 Types of Stairs
• Straight Flight
• Quarter turn
• Half turn (Doglegged)
• Open Well half turn
• Open Well quarter turn
• Circular Stairs
• Geometrical Stairs
• Bifurcated Stairs
 Straight Flight
• All steps in one direction.
• Simplest form of stair arrangement.
• It may consist of one or more flights.
• They are used when space available for staircase is
long but narrow in width.
 Quarter Turn Stairs
• A stair turning through one right angle is
known as quarter turn stairs. (L-shaped)
 Bifurcated Stairs
• If a quarter turn stair is branched
into two flights at a landing is
known as a Bifurcated stair.
• This types of stair is commonly
used in the public buildings near
the entrance hall .
• The stair has a wider flight at
bottom which bifurcates into two
narrower flights at the landing.
• One turn into left and the other to
the right.
• This staircase has either equal or
unequal flights.
 Dog Legged
• Dog legged stairs are the stairs in which the user climbs up to a flight
turns at one eighty degree and then climb stairs in opposite direction.
• In case of dog-legged stair, the flights run in opposite directions and
there is no space between them in plan.
• Its name is derived from its appearance in the sectional elevation.
• This stairs are useful where total width of space available for the
staircase is equal to twice the width of steps.
 Open Well Half Turn
• Space between the upper and lower
flights causes half space landing to
be longer.
• In case of open well half turn stair,
there is a well or hole or opening
between flights in plan.
• This well may be rectangular or of
any geometrical shape and it can be
used for fixing lift.
• These staircase are useful where
available space for staircase has a
width greater than twice the width
of steps.
 Open Well Quarter Turn Stairs
• A stair turning through three
right angles is known as a
three quarter stair.
• In this case ,an open well is
formed.
• This types of stair is used
when the length of the
staircase is limited and when
the vertical distance between
the two floor is quite large.
 Circular or Helical or Spiral Stairs
• The steps radiate from the center and they do not have either any
landing or any intermediate newel post.
• Some of the important facts to be noted in connection with the circular
stairs are:
1. Flights consist of winders only and may be continued through any number of
turns.
2. May be constructed of a cast iron or mild steel or concrete. Usually its
structural design and construction of are complicated in nature.
 Geometrical Stairs
• “Continuous stairs that turn or wind about
a central well hole which has rounded
corners or is circular or elliptical and that
have the strings and rails arranged upon
geometric principles and running
continuously from top to bottom.”
• Have any geometrical shape and requires
no newel posts.
• The handrail continues without interruption
and without any angular turns.
• Its construction requires considerable skill
and it is weaker than corresponding open
newel stair.
 Different Materials
Used For Stairs
• Brick
• Stone
• Metal
• RCC
• Timber
Task