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2D Transformations in Graphics

This document discusses two dimensional transformations in computer graphics. It describes translation, rotation, and scaling as the basic 2D transformations. Translation moves an object by adding translation coordinates to the original coordinates. Rotation rotates an object using rotation equations involving cosine and sine of the rotation angle. Scaling modifies an object's size by multiplying the original coordinates by scaling factors. These transformations can be represented using matrix formulations.

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Ravi Kumar K
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147 views10 pages

2D Transformations in Graphics

This document discusses two dimensional transformations in computer graphics. It describes translation, rotation, and scaling as the basic 2D transformations. Translation moves an object by adding translation coordinates to the original coordinates. Rotation rotates an object using rotation equations involving cosine and sine of the rotation angle. Scaling modifies an object's size by multiplying the original coordinates by scaling factors. These transformations can be represented using matrix formulations.

Uploaded by

Ravi Kumar K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Two Dimensional

Transformations

Ravi Kumar K
Dept. of Computer Science
SKNG GFGC
Gangavathi
Dist : Koppal
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics-

In Computer graphics,
Transformation is a process of modifying and re-positioning the existing
graphics.

2D Transformations take place in a two dimensional


plane.
Transformations are helpful in changing the position,
size, orientation, shape etc of the object.
Types of Transformations :

Basic Transformations • Other Transformations


Reflection
Translation

Rotation Shear

Scaling
Translation
In Computer graphics,
2D Translation is a process of moving an object from one position to another in a
two dimensional plane.

 Consider a point object O has to be moved from one position to another in a 2D


plane. 
 Let,Initial coordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)
 New coordinates of the object O1 after
translation = (Xnew, Ynew)
 Translation vector or Shift vector = (Tx, Ty)

 Given a Translation vector (Tx, Ty)-


 Tx defines the distance the Xold coordinate has to be moved.
 Ty defines the distance the Yold coordinate has to be moved.
This translation is achieved by adding the translation coordinates to the
old coordinates of the object as-
Xnew = Xold + Tx     (This denotes translation towards X axis)
Ynew = Yold + Ty     (This denotes translation towards Y axis)
 
In Matrix form, the above translation equations may be represented as-

The homogeneous coordinates representation of (X, Y) is (X, Y, 1).


Through this representation, all the transformations can be performed
using matrix / vector multiplications.
 
The above translation matrix may be represented as a 3 x 3 matrix as-

In general form, Translation is given by

P1=P + T
Rotation
In Computer graphics,
2D Rotation is a process of rotating an object with respect to an angle in a two
dimensional plane.

 Consider a point object O has to be rotated from one angle to another in a 2D


plane.
 Let- Initial coordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)
 Initial angle of the object O with respect
to origin = Φ
 Rotation angle = θ
 New coordinates of the object O1
after rotation = (Xnew, Ynew)
 This rotation is achieved by using the following
 rotation equations-
 Xnew = Xold x cosθ – Yold x sinθ
 Ynew = Xold x sinθ + Yold x cosθ
 
In Matrix form, the above rotation equations may be represented as-
 

For homogeneous coordinates, the above rotation matrix may be


represented as a 3 x 3 matrix as-

In General Form Rotation is given by

P1=R * P
Scaling

In computer graphics, scaling is a process of modifying or altering the size of


objects.

 Consider a point object O has to be scaled in a 2D plane.


 Let, Initial coordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)
 Scaling factor for X-axis = Sx
 Scaling factor for Y-axis = Sy
 New coordinates of the object O after scaling = (Xnew, Ynew)
 
 This scaling is achieved by using the following scaling equations-
 Xnew = Xold x Sx
 Ynew = Yold x Sy
In Matrix form, the above scaling equations may be represented as-

For homogeneous coordinates, the above scaling matrix may be


represented as a 3 x 3 matrix as-

In General Form Scaling is given by


P1=S * P

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