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Network Topologies

The document discusses different network topologies including physical and logical topologies. Physical topologies describe the actual layout of cables and devices, while logical topologies describe how network messages travel. Some common physical topologies include point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like cost, flexibility, and reliability.

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498 views

Network Topologies

The document discusses different network topologies including physical and logical topologies. Physical topologies describe the actual layout of cables and devices, while logical topologies describe how network messages travel. Some common physical topologies include point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like cost, flexibility, and reliability.

Uploaded by

ArslanKamran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Network Topologies and Technologies


Network Topology
• Topology
• Design or Structure or Layout

• Network Topology
• Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
• The pattern of interconnection of nodes in a network is called the Topology.
• This layout also determines the manner in which information is exchanged
within the network.
Why we use network topologies?

• Network topology is used initially for planning


the best way to design your network to get
maximum performance.
Types of Network Topology
Topologies can be either physical or logical.
• Physical
• Actual layout of the computer cables and other network devices
• Physical topologies describe how the cables are run.
• Logical
• The way in which the network appears to the devices that use it
• Logical topologies describe how the network messages travel
Considerations while choosing a
Topology
The factors while selecting a Topology
1. Cost
2. Flexibility
3. Reliability
Types of Physical Topology

1. Point-to-Point
2. Bus
3. Star
4. Ring
5. Mesh
6. Tree
7. Hybrid
1. Point-to-Point topology
• Point-to-Point topology is a point-to-point communication channel
that appears to the user to be permanently associated with the two
endpoints. A tin can telephone is the best example.
2. BUS Topology
• All computers and devices are connected to single cable or BUS. It
consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end.

Working of Bus Topology


• A device want to communicate with other device on the network
sends a broadcast message onto the wire all other devices see.
• But only the intended devices accepts and process the message
• Terminators stop signals after reaching end of wire
– Prevent signal bounce
BUS Topology Diagram
BUS Topology
• Advantages
• Works well for small networks • Disadvantages
• Relatively inexpensive to • Entire network shuts down if
implement there is a break in the main
• Easy to add it cable.
• Difficult to identify the problem if
the entire network shuts down.
• Terminators are required at both
ends of the backbone cable
Star Topology
• Here each device has a dedicated point-to-point link to the central
controller called “Hub”
• There is no direct traffic between devices.
• The transmission are occurred only through the central “hub”.
• When device 1 wants to send data to device 2;
• First sends the data to hub. Which then relays the data to the other
connected device.
Star Topology Diagram
Star Topology
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Easy to install and wire. • Requires more cable length.
• Security can be implemented in • If the hub or concentrator fails
the hub/switch. nodes attached are disabled
• Easy to detect faults and remove • More expansive due to he cost of
parts. concentrators associated with it
Ring Topology
• A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data
travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the right
acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels.
• Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a
transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring.
Ring Topology Diagram
Ring Topology
Advantages:

• Easy to install. Disadvantages:


• Easy to reconfigure.
• Fault identification is easy. • Unidirectional traffic.
• Break in a single ring can break
entire network.
Tree Topology
• Integrates the characteristics of star and bus topology.
• In tree topology number of star network connected using bus.
• The backbone cable is used to connect these stars, called as Bus.
Tree Topology Diagram
Tree Topology
Advantages
• Expansion of Network is possible and Disadvantages
easy.
• Networks divided into segments, • Relies heavily on the main bus cable, if
that can be easily maintained. it breaks whole network is crippled.
• Each segment is provided with
dedicated point-to-point wiring to • As more and more nodes and
the central hub. segments are added, the maintenance
• If one segment is damaged, other becomes difficult.
segments are not affected.
• Heavy traffic cause the network and
make it slow
MESH Topology
• Computers in mesh topologies are connected directly to every other
device with cables.
• Create point to point connection to every device on network.
• If one cable fail data always has alternative path to get to its
destination.
Mesh Topology Diagram
MESH Topology
Advantages • Connections not fully utilized.
• Data can be transmitted from • Overall cost of this network is way too
different devices simultaneously. high as compared to other network
topologies.
• Even if one of the components
fails there is always an alternative • Set-up and maintenance of this
present. So data transfer doesn’t get topology is very difficult.
affected. • Even administration of the
• Expansion and modification in network is tough
topology can be done without
disrupting other nodes.

Disadvantages
Hybrid Topology
• The hybrid topology can be a combination of two or more basic
topologies, such as bus, ring, star, mesh, or tree.
• Hybrid networks combine more than two topologies, which, in turn,
enable you to get advantages of the constituent topologies.
Hybrid Topology Diagram

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