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Introduction To Systems Analysis & Design

This chapter introduces systems analysis and design. It discusses the components of an information system, categories of information systems, and the roles of system users. It also covers system development tools and techniques, methods like structured analysis and object-oriented analysis, and the systems development life cycle. The chapter provides an overview of the systems analyst role and responsibilities.

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Ay Sy
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21 views

Introduction To Systems Analysis & Design

This chapter introduces systems analysis and design. It discusses the components of an information system, categories of information systems, and the roles of system users. It also covers system development tools and techniques, methods like structured analysis and object-oriented analysis, and the systems development life cycle. The chapter provides an overview of the systems analyst role and responsibilities.

Uploaded by

Ay Sy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Systems Analysis & Design 1

10th Edition

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Systems Analysis
& Design
Content
2

 Information System
 Understanding Business
 Categories of Information Systems
 Information System Users & Needs
 System Development Tools & Technique
 System Development Methods
 Planning & Modeling a Systems
Development project
 System Development Guidelines
 Information Technology Department
Systems Analysis & Design
3

Step-by-step process for developing


high-quality
information systems
Information Systems
4

 What is information system?


 A set of related components that

produces specific results


 IT + people + data  support business

requirements
 E.g. daily business transaction, improve

company productivity, decision support


 System analyst – plan, develop and

maintain IS
Information System
Components
5
Understanding The Business
6

 Business Process
Modeling
 Business Profile
 Business Models
 Business model
 Business process
 Business process
reengineering (BPR)
Categories of Information
Systems
7

 Enterprise computing systems


 Transaction processing systems

 Business support systems

 Knowledge management systems

 User productivity systems


Enterprise Computing System
8

 Supports company-wide operations and


data management requirements

 Example:
 Giant Hypermarket inventory control
system
 Malaysian Airline reservation system
 Proton production control system
Transaction Processing
System
9

 Process data generated by day-to-day


business operations

 Examples:
 customer order processing system
 accounts receivable
 warranty claim processing
Business Support System
10

 Provide job-related information support to


users at all levels of a company

 Analyze transactional data information


 manage and control business processes
 decision making

 Examples:
 Highlight slow or fast moving items
 Customers with past due balances
Knowledge Management
Systems
11

 Expert systems
 Simulate human reasoning by combining a
knowledge base and inference rules

User Productivity Systems

 E-mail, voice mail, fax, video


conferencing, word processing, automated
calendars, etc.
Information System Users and
Their Needs
12
Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
13

 Modeling
 Business model – information
 Requirements model – information
 Data model – data structures & design
 Object model – objects
 Network model – telecommunication
design and protocols
 Process model – logic
Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
14

 Prototyping
 Early working version of IS
 Speeds up the development process
significantly
 Important decisions might be made too
early, before business or IT issues are
thoroughly understood
 Can be an extremely valuable tool
Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
15

 Computer-Aided Systems Engineering


(CASE) Tools
 Also called computer-aided software
engineering
Systems Development
Methods
16

 Structured Analysis
 Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
 Predictive approach
 Uses a set of process models to describe a
system graphically
 Process-centered technique
Systems Development
Methods
17

 Object-oriented Analysis
 O-O analysis combines data & processes into
objects
 Object is a member of a class
 Objects possess properties
 Methods change an object’s properties
 A message requests specific behavior or
information from another object
Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
18

 Comparison of Predictive and


Adaptive Models
 The SDLC usually is referred to as the waterfall
model
Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
19

 The SDLC Waterfall Model


 Disadvantage in the built-in structure of the
SDLC, because the waterfall model does not
emphasize interactivity among the phases
 This criticism can be valid if the SDLC phases
are followed too rigidly
 However, adjacent phases usually interact
Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
20

 The SDLC Waterfall Model


 Usually includes five steps
 Systems planning
 Systems analysis
 Systems design
 Systems implementation
 Systems operation, support, and security
Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
21

 Systems planning
 Systems request
 Purpose of this phase is to perform a
preliminary investigation whose key part is a
feasibility study
 Systems Analysis
 First step is requirements modeling
 End product is the System requirements
document
Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
22

 Systems Design
 Identify all outputs, inputs, and processes
 End product is system design specification
 Systems Implementation
 New system is constructed
 Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate
and support the system
 System evaluation performed
Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
23

 Systems Operation, Support, and


Security
 A well-designed system must be secure,
reliable, maintainable, and scalable
 After several years of operation, systems need
extensive changes
 SDLC ends with system replacement
Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
24

 Adaptive Methods and Models


 Attempt to develop a system incrementally, by
building a series of prototypes and constantly
adjusting them to user requirements
 Extreme Programming (XP)
 Analysts should recognize that these
approaches have advantages and
disadvantages
Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
25

 The Importance of Project


Management
 Regardless of the development strategy,
people, tasks, timetables, and expenses must
be managed effectively
 Complex projects can involve dozens of people,
hundreds of tasks, and many thousands of
dollars
Systems Development
Guidelines
26

 Stick to a plan
 Involve the users throughout the
development process
 Listening is very important
 Use project management tools to
identify tasks and milestones
 Remain flexible
 Develop accurate cost and benefit
information
Information Technology
Department
27

 The information technology (IT)


department develops and maintains a
company’s information systems
 The IT group provides technical
support
The Systems Analyst Position
28

 A systems analyst investigates, analyzes,


designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and
maintains a company’s information
systems
 On large projects, the analyst works as a
member of an IT department team
 Smaller companies often use consultants
to perform the work
The Systems Analyst Position
29

 Responsibilities
 Translate business requirements into practical
IT projects to meet needs
 Required Skills and Background
 Solid communication skills and analytic ability
Chapter Summary
 IT is a combination of hardware and
software that support business
 The essential components of an
information system are hardware,
software, data, processes, and people
 Companies are product-oriented,
service-oriented, or a combination of the
two

30
Chapter Summary
 Organization structure usually includes
levels. Each level has different
responsibilities and information needs
 Systems analysts use modeling,
prototyping, and CASE tools. Modeling
produces a graphical representation of
the process, prototyping involves creation
of an early working model, and CASE tools
assist in various systems development
tasks 31
Chapter Summary
 The Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) consists of five phases: systems
planning, systems analysis, systems
design, systems implementation, and
systems operation, support, and security
 Systems analysts need a combination of
technical and business knowledge,
analytical ability, and communication skills

 Chapter 1 Complete
32

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