Scribd
Upload
17 views

Multiplexing: Principles of Communication Systems (PCS) EEE 351

This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in communication systems. It defines multiplexing as transmitting multiple data streams simultaneously by dividing transmission resources. The key multiplexing techniques covered are time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), and polarization division multiplexing (PDM). For each technique, examples of applications are provided along with illustrations. A comparison of TDM and FDM is also presented, discussing their relative advantages.

Uploaded by

nabeel hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Multiplexing: Principles of Communication Systems (PCS) EEE 351

This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in communication systems. It defines multiplexing as transmitting multiple data streams simultaneously by dividing transmission resources. The key multiplexing techniques covered are time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), and polarization division multiplexing (PDM). For each technique, examples of applications are provided along with illustrations. A comparison of TDM and FDM is also presented, discussing their relative advantages.

Uploaded by

nabeel hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

COMSATS Fall2016 (Rev.1.

0)

Principles of Communication Systems (PCS)


EEE 351

Multiplexing
COMSATS PCS

Multiplexing
• Multiplexing is a technique to • All communication systems
transmit multiple streams of data including wired, wireless and
(Analog or Digital) simultaneously by optical are capable of
dividing the transmission resources. multiplexing.

• Multiplexing fundamentally divides a • The device used to multiplex


high capacity medium into multiple different streams at the
low capacity logical media/channels. transmitter is known as
Multiplexer (MUX).
• These low capacity channels are
allocated to different data streams • At the receiver, the reverse
independently to transmit data process of multiplexing known as
simultaneously. De-multiplexing is done using a
De-multiplexer (DEMUX).
COMSATS PCS

Multiplexing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Multiplexing_diagram.svg
COMSATS PCS

Categories of Multiplexing
• There are different types of resources in communication systems which
can be divided or multiplexed.

• Depending upon the type of resource divided, following types of


multiplexing techniques are possible

– Space Division Multiplexing (SDM).


– Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
– Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
– Code Division Multiplexing (CDM).
– Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM).
COMSATS PCS

Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)


• For wired communication • For wireless systems SDM is
systems, Space Division implemented through multiple
antenna elements.
Multiplexing (SDM) implies
different point to point wires for
• These include Multiple Input and
different channels.
Multiple Output (MIMO), Single
Input and Multiple Output (SIMO)
• This can also be regarded as a & Multiple Input and Single Output
dedicated channel allocated for (MISO).
each user.
• Applications include IEEE 802.11n
with multiple antennas
• Applications include analogue communicating with multiple
stereo audio cable, Multi-pair multiplexed channels with each
Telephone cable. having the peak data rate of 54
Mbps.
COMSATS PCS

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)


• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is the type of multiplexing in which the
resource shared/divided is Time.

• In TDM several low bit rate data streams, with the fixed and predefined
data rate, are combined to make a single high bit rate data stream.

• This high bit rate data stream is then transmitted over a single channel.

• Application of TDM include wireline telephone systems and some cellular


telephone systems.

• Example: 192 kbits/sec from city 01 to city 02 with 64kbits/sec per user.
COMSATS PCS

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

National Instruments (NI), Theory of Time Division Multiplexing, National Instruments Inc, 2013.
COMSATS PCS

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)


• How should the time slot for each user should be selected?

• The selection of proper timeslot for each user is a trade off between the
efficiency and delay.

• If time slots are too small, the multiplexer has to switch between the users
quickly. Which implies a faster processing speed for multiplexer and de-
multiplexer.

• If the time slots are large (greater than bit time) then a buffer is required
to store the data when the media is used by the other users. This buffering
action causes a delay which is usually critical for telephony and other
delay sensitive applications.
COMSATS PCS

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)


• T1 Wireline System

National Instruments (NI), Theory of Time Division Multiplexing, National Instruments Inc, 2013.
COMSATS PCS

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)


• In Frequency Division Multiplexing • Typical application of FDM include
(FDM), total bandwidth available to
the system is divided into a series • A microwave transmission link
of non overlapping frequency sub- connecting two sites over the long
bands. distance.

• These sub-bands are then assigned • AM and FM Broadcast Bands.


to each communicating pair of
transmitter and receiver. • A satellite system communicating
with multiple ground stations.
• In this way multiple users can
communicate at the same time by • A full duplex cellular system
sharing the frequency spectrum. operating using a given frequency
band.
COMSATS PCS

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

National Instruments (NI), Theory of Frequency Division Multiplexing, National Instruments Inc, 2006.
COMSATS PCS

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frequenzmultiplex001.svg
COMSATS PCS

TDM vs FDM
TDM FDM
• Sensitive to propagation delays. • Insensitive to propagation delays.

• Complex equalization techniques • Simple equalization techniques


required. required.

• Band pass filters requirement


• Simple to implement and cheap makes the design more complex
digital logic circuits used. and costly.

• Non linear power amplifiers


generate out of band spectral
components. To avoid this problem,
more complex linear power
amplifiers are used.
COMSATS PCS

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing


(OFDM)
• OFDM Tutorial 01
• OFDM Tutorial 02
COMSATS Electronics II

References
[1] National Instruments (NI), Theory of Time Division Multiplexing, National
Instruments Inc, April 2013. URL to full Text:
http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/ph/p/id/270

[2] National Instruments (NI), Theory of Frequency Division Multiplexing,


National Instruments Inc, Sep 2006. URL to full Text:
http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/ph/p/id/269

[3] Wikipedia. [Online] Wikimedia Foundation. [Cited: 23.04. 2014.]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing

[4] Harold P.E. Stem & Samy A. Mahmoud, Communication Systems: Analysis
and Design, Prentice Hall, 2004. ISBN: 0-13-040268-0

You might also like