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Best Fit Line

The document discusses linear regression and how it can be used to determine the best-fit line through data points. Linear regression minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between data points and the line. The goodness of fit is determined by r2, where a value close to 1 indicates a strong relationship between the variables. Software like graphing calculators and Excel can be used to perform linear regression and display the line equation and r2 value.

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Nidhi Divechavalu
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40 views12 pages

Best Fit Line

The document discusses linear regression and how it can be used to determine the best-fit line through data points. Linear regression minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between data points and the line. The goodness of fit is determined by r2, where a value close to 1 indicates a strong relationship between the variables. Software like graphing calculators and Excel can be used to perform linear regression and display the line equation and r2 value.

Uploaded by

Nidhi Divechavalu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The

The Best-Fit
Best-Fit Line
Line
Linear Regression
How do you determine the
best-fit line through data
points?

y-variable Fortunately technology,


such as the graphing calculator
and Excel, can do a better
job than your eye and a ruler!

x-variable
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
The Equation of a Straight Line

y = mx + b
where m is the slope or y/x and
b is the y-intercept

In some physical settings, b = 0 so the


equation simplifies to:
y = mx
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
Linear regression minimizes
the sum of the squared deviations

y = mx + b

y-variable

deviation = residual
= ydata point – yequation

x-variable
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
Linear Regression
• Minimizes the sum of the square of the
deviations for all the points and the best-fit
line
• Judge the goodness of fit with r2
• r2 x100 tells you the percent of the variation
of the y-variable that is explained by the
variation of the x-variable (a perfect fit has
r2 = 1)

PGCC CHM 103 Sine


x
Goodness of Fit: Using r2

r2 is low
y-variable

r2 is high

How about the value of r2?

x-variable
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
Strong direct relationship

25 y = 2.0555x - 0.1682
20 R2 = 0.9909
y-variable

15
10
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
x-variable

99.1% of the y-variation is due to


the variation of the x-variable
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
Noisy indirect relationship

30 y = -2.2182x + 25
2
25 R = 0.8239
y-variable

20
15
10
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
x-variable

Only 82% of the y-variation is due to


the variation of the x-variable - what
is the other 18% caused by?
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
When there is no trend!

20

15
y-variable

10

5 2
R = 0.0285
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
x-variable

No relationship!

PGCC CHM 103 Sine


x
In Excel
• When the chart is active, go to
chart, and select Add Trendline,
choose the type and on option select
display equation and display r2
• For calibration curves, select the set
intercept = 0 option Does this make
physical sense?

PGCC CHM 103 Sine


x
Does the set intercept = 0 option
make a difference?
Calibration Curve
1 y = 0.8461x + 0.0287
0.8
absorbance

2
0.6
R = 0.9954
0.4 y = 0.8888x
0.2 2
R = 0.9911
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
concentration

Using the set intercept = 0 option


lowers the r2 value by a small amount
and changes the slope slightly
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x
The equation becomes

A = mc
or
A = 0.89c
99.1% of the variation of the
absorbance is due to the
variation of the concentration.
PGCC CHM 103 Sine
x

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