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King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals: Construction Equipment and Methods

This document summarizes current practices in flexible pavement design in the United States. It discusses the history of flexible pavement design, which evolved from an empirical basis in the 1950s to incorporate mechanistic models by the 1980s. It also summarizes agency practices in key areas of flexible pavement design, such as thickness determination procedures, layer composition, drainage treatment, material characterization, and overlay design. The document indicates a trend toward mechanistic design approaches and improved drainage in flexible pavements.

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60 views

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals: Construction Equipment and Methods

This document summarizes current practices in flexible pavement design in the United States. It discusses the history of flexible pavement design, which evolved from an empirical basis in the 1950s to incorporate mechanistic models by the 1980s. It also summarizes agency practices in key areas of flexible pavement design, such as thickness determination procedures, layer composition, drainage treatment, material characterization, and overlay design. The document indicates a trend toward mechanistic design approaches and improved drainage in flexible pavements.

Uploaded by

syukri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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King Fahd University of Petroleum

& Minerals

‫كل عام وأنتم بخير‬


Construction Equipment
And Methods
CEM 530

FLEXIBAL PAVEMENT DESIGN

Prepared for:
Dr.Abdulaziz Bubshait

By
Abdullah M. Al-Anazi
10 December ,99
Introduction
•In 1991,the federal-aid highway system comprised
more than 850,000 miles of pavements of various designs .
•It has been estimated that$20 billion is spent annually in
united state for pavement construction,maintenance,and
rehabilitation.
•The monetary implication of even a minor improvement in
pavement performance could conservatively described as
substantial so that, the highway community has proven to
be the catalyst for research and experimentation all phases
of pavement technology.
•The objective of this synthesis is to provide a snapshot of
current practice and an indication of trends in the design of
new pavements and overlays for the following elements:
• Procedure to determine thickness.
• Layer composition and configuration
• Drainage treatment
• Traffic characterization
• Material characterization
• Miscellaneous design features
Flexible Pavement Design

Background

•The earliest written reference to a flexible


pavement as we define it today is an inscription
on a brick in ancient Babylon which refer to a
“road glistening with asphalt and burnt bricks”
•flexible pavement thickness design is new and
rapidly changing technology. 1
•50 years ago ,most flexible pavements were
designed on the basis of experience and
“engineering judgment”. 2
•A number of empirical flexible pavement design
procedures based on soil strength test were
introduced after world war II. 3
Flexible pavement design

Background (cont.)

•The American association of state highway


officials (AASHO) made a comprehensive and
costly pavement research programs(1958-60)
•The objective of this program is to develop a
relationship between the number of repetition of
specific axle loads of different magnitude and
arrangement and the performance of different
thickness of uniformly designed and constructed
asphaltic concrete,plain Portland cement when
on a basement soil of known characteristics.
•The road test involved two years of massive
effort and the expenditure of $27 million .
•Analysis of the data led to the publication ,in
1961, of the AASHO interim guide for design of
rigid and flexible pavement.
Flexible Pavement Design
Background( cont.)
•This empirical design procedure had a number
of basic deficiencies including;
•The short duration of two years did not
allow an evaluation of the effect on
pavement performance of surface aging.
•The road test was limited to a single sub-
grade condition and environment.
•The road test did not incorporate the
pavement features and materials which
become standards.
•The pace of change in pavement design
practice since the AASHO road test was
reflected by the 1986 revision(guide for the
design of pavement structures) included
drainage design criteria, reliability factors
,replacement of soil support,an overlay design,
section on lifecycle cost analysis,and an
overview of the mechanistic pavement design.
Agency Practice

Design Procedures

•Empirical design procedures ,including the


1972 and 1986 AASHO procedures, were used
by 51agincies.
•Ten agencies have developed their own ,usually
empirically based.
•Four agencies employ mechanistic models for
flexible pavement design.
•Five agencies use the asphalt institute
procedures which is mechanistically based.
Internal Drainage of Flexible
Pavement

•Agency questioner response revealed a


diffident movement toward rapid positive
internal drainage of flexible pavement in united
states .
•Twenty agencies employ collector and outlet
pipes for removal of water collected in the
permeable layer while, seven extend the
permeable layers “daylight” for this purpose
•A typical flexible pavement section with an
internal drainage system consisting of treated
permeable base with collector and outlet pipes
is shown in the figure
Shoulder Design

• Twenty three agencies reported using


standard shoulder design
•22 agencies construct shoulders with the
same structural section as the pavement I.e
“full depth “
•Twelve agencies base shoulder design on a
percentage of the traffic loading assumed
for pavement design.
Anticipated Modification in
Flexible Pavement Design

•Twenty two agencies indicated an eventual shift


to the use of mechanistic models.
•Twelve agencies resilient modulus testing for
materials characterization.
•Ten agencies will adopt the 1986 AASHO
pavement design guide line .
•Six agencies indicated their intention to
incorporate permeable into flexible pavement.
•Others anticipated modification cited by four
agencies each included life cycle cost analysis.
Flexible Pavement Overlay Design
Background
•The warrants for overlaying of the flexible
pavement includes:
 Poor ride quality
 Low skid resistance
 Excessive rutting within the AC surfacing
 Extensive pavement distress due to
inadequate structural capacity

• Flexible pavement overlay design procedure


presently fall into the following basic categories :
• Engineering judgment
• Standard thickness
• Component analysis
• Deflection analysis
• Mechanistic models
•The engineering judgement based on
experience ,environmental conditions,traffic
loading ,and surgrade soil type .
• A standard overlay thickness is prescribed
for a given pavement type ,thickness ,and
traffic loading
• The component analysis procedure involve a
comparison of the structural capacity of the
existing pavement with that required to carry
the traffic loading estimated for the design life
of the overlay.
• The deflection analysis based on premise
that the fatigue life of the pavement is a
function of deflection level as measured by
NDT device.
• Mechanistic overlay design procedures are
based on the assumption that the pavement
structure will respond to load layer elastic
solid
Reflective Crack Control

Reflective cracking of AC overlays of flexible


pavements has been addressed by number of
treatments with widely varying degrees of success
.this include :
• Paving fabrics
• Stress absorbing membrane interlayer
• Increased overlay thickness
• Crack sealing,sphaltadditives,fiberreinforcement
and etc.
THANK YOU

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