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The Process of Listening: Attention Working Memory Short - Term Memory Long-Term Memory

The document discusses the key stages of listening: attention, working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Attention involves focusing selectively on important information and automatically on important surroundings. Working memory interprets and assigns meaning to information using patterns stored in long-term memory. Short-term memory temporarily stores information needed for immediate use. Long-term memory permanently stores unlimited information organized into schemas.

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20 views5 pages

The Process of Listening: Attention Working Memory Short - Term Memory Long-Term Memory

The document discusses the key stages of listening: attention, working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Attention involves focusing selectively on important information and automatically on important surroundings. Working memory interprets and assigns meaning to information using patterns stored in long-term memory. Short-term memory temporarily stores information needed for immediate use. Long-term memory permanently stores unlimited information organized into schemas.

Uploaded by

afiqah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Process of Listening

Attention

Working memory

Short – term memory

Long- term memory


Attention
Meaning: controlling your selective and automatic
attention.

Selective attention: sustained focus we give to


things that are important.
eg: your favourite music.
- A form of selective perception. (Chapter 2)

Automatic attention: instinctive focus we give to


important things in our surrounding.
eg: when someone shouts your
name, you turn your head.
Working Memory
Meaning: interpret and assign meaning to things we
hear.

- Looks for shortcut when processing information


- Recognizes patterns of letters and assigns meaning
- The patterns and symbols mentioned above is stored
in long term memory use as shortcut for meaning.

- eg: the word DOE we understand and know that it


means Description of English
Short - term Memory
Meaning: temporary storage place for
information.

- Retain thoughts that are needed for immediate use


- Least efficient memory resource
- limited to 7 ± 2 bits of information
- if it is overloaded then you tend to forget.
- Needs concentration, if not it is likely be lost
Long- term Memory
Meaning: permanent storage place for information.

- No limitation in quantity or duration of stored


information.
- Thoughts organized through schema
(interconnected web of thinking) that is ‘system filing’
for thoughts.
- cue received doesn’t give enough information- forget
information
- eg: when you see a person, and trying to recall who
that person is.

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