SRPC seminar

on
“A study on impact of mindfulness on performance at the
workplace”

Supervisor :
Dr. Gyaneshawar Singh Kushwaha

Prepared by :
Rahul Gajbhiye
Scholar No.143221005
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL,M.P.
 Introduction

• In recent years, interest in mindfulness among

organizational scholars and practitioners has
grown rapidly ( Good et al., 2015)
• There has been growing interest in the
application of mindfulness-based training to
improve employee wellbeing and other
organizationally-relevant outcomes (e.g.,
Burton, Burgess, Dean, Koutsopoulou, & Hugh-
Jones, 2016; Hyland,Lee, & Mills, 2015)
 .

• Many employees have turned to

mindfulness based practices in order to
reduce and deal with stressors they face at
work. Fortune 500 corporations such as
Google, Ford, Intel, and General Mills have
started mindfulness-based training
programs for their employees
(Hayes,2014;Hughlett, 2013; Pinsker, 2015;
Tan, 2012).
 .

Corporate CEOs have spoken

publicly about the benefits they experienced by practicing
mindfulness
(Carlock, 2014; Lockhart & Hicken, 2012).
 Mindfulness?

• Mindfulness is a translation of the Indian

word, Sati, which means awareness,
attention and remembering.
• Through mindfulness, you discover how to
live in the present moment in an enjoyable
way rather than worrying about the past or
being concerned about the future.
 Mindlessness

• said something you later regretted?

• been so nervous for a presentation or an event that you

couldn’t sleep the night before?
• walked into a room to get something, and then forgot
what you were looking for?
• been really sad or upset but you didn’t know exactly why?

• been so engrossed in a novel or a sewing project or a golf

game or some other hobby that everything else fell away
and that activity commanded your full focus and
attention?
.
 Definitions

• One   of   the   most  well recognized

Western  definition of  mindfulness  comes
from  Dr.   Jon  Kabat‐Zinn, one  of
 the  central  founders  of  the  field
 
• “paying  attention in   a   particular
way:   on   purpose,   in   the
 present moment,   and  
nonjudgementally”(1994)
 Definitions

• mindfulness is paying attention in the

present moment without being judgmental.
Baer et all (2004)
• mindfulness is the ability to know what is
happening in your head at any present
moment without getting carried away by it.
Siegel,  D.  J.  (2007)
 Definitions

Mindfulness is non-evaluative and

sustained moment to-moment awareness
of thoughts, physical sensations, and
affective states.

(Grossman et al., 2004)

 Definitions

• Mindfulness is the basic human ability to be

fully present, aware of where we are and
what we’re doing, and not overly reactive or
overwhelmed by what’s going on around us.
Brown, K. W. &  Ryan,
R.  M.  (2004)
 .
You can break down the meaning of mindfulness as follows:
• Paying attention: To be mindful, you need to pay
attention, whatever you choose to attend to.
• Present Moment: The reality of being in the here and now
means you just need to be aware of the way things are as
they are now. Your experience is valid and correct just as it
is.
• Non reactively: Normally, when you experience something
you automatically react to that experience according to your
past conditioning. Example: if you think, “ I still haven’t
finished my work”, you react with thoughts, word and
actions in some shape or form. Mindfulness encourages you
to respond to your experience rather then react to thoughts.
A reaction is automatic and gives you no choice; a response
is a deliberate and considered action.
 .

• Non-judgementally: The temptation is to

judge experience as good or bad or
like/dislike. I want to feel bliss; I don’t like to
feel afraid. Letting go of judgements help
you to see things as they are rather then
through the filter of personal judgements
based on previous conditioning.
(experiences)
• Openheartedly: To be openhearted is to
bring a kindness, compassion, warmth, and
friendliness to your experience
 Literature review

S.N Author Occupat Sample Researc Target

Year ion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrty design e
&
evaluati
on time
1 Aggs & Healthca 47 Pre- Mindfuln
Bambling re/ test/Post ess,
(2010) Mental -test Stress/St
health only rain
Australia professio
nals 1-week
(e.g.,
psycholo
gists
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
2 Aikens et al. Energy/c 66–89 Randomi Mindfuln
(2014) hemical zed ess,
waitlist Stress/St
United Unspeci control rain,
States fied group Well-
(salaried being
employe Immedia
es only) te and 6-
month
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
3 Ancona & Educatio 43 Randomi Stress/St
Mendelson n zed rain
(2014) Element pre-
ary test/post
United school -test
States and with
middle control
school group
teachers
Immedia
te
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
4 Baccarani, Educatio 20 Randomi Neural,
Mascherpa, & n zed Performa
Minozzo waitlist nce,
(2013) Universit control Well-
y group being
Italy
Universit Immedia
y te
administ
rative
manager
s
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
5 Brady, O Human 16 Pre- ANS,
′Connor, services test/PostMindfuln
Burgermeister, -test ess,
& Behavior Well-
Hanson (2012) al health Immedia being
professio te and 9
United nals to
States 10-
month
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
6 Haase et al.   287 pre- Health
(2016) Military test/post Behavior
United -test s,
States Marine with Mindfuln
infantry control ess,
personn group Neural,
el 2-week Well-
being
S.N Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
7 Hue & Lau Manufac 70 Non- Mindfuln
(2015) turing randomi ess,
Hong Kong zed pre- Stress/St
test/post rain,
-test Well-
with being
control
group

immidiat
e
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
8 Hülsheger, Multiple 140 Randomi Health
Feinholdt, & (e.g., zed Behavior
Nübold (2015) teachers waitlist s,
Germany , social control Mindfuln
workers, group ess,
physicia Well-
ns, 10 ESM being
service daily
employe diaries
es,
clerks)
S.N Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
9 Jha, various 48 pre- Affect,
Stanley, test/post Performa
Kiyonag -test nce
a, Wong, with
& control
Gelfand group
(2010)

United
States
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
10 Lan, Mental 37 Pre- Mindfuln
Subramanian, health test/Post ess,
Rahmat, & Kar services/ -test Stress/St
(2014) Counseli only rain,
ng and Well-
Malaysia clinical being
psycholo
gists
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
11 Longshore & Sports 20 Non- Affect,
Sachs Coaches randomi Mindfuln
(2015) zed ess,
United waitlist Stress/St
States control rain
group
Immedia
te
S.N Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
12 van Berkel, Researc 230–235 Randomi Affect,
Boot, Proper, h zed Engage
Bongers, pre- ment,
& van der test/post Mindfuln
Beek -test ess,
(2014) with Stress/St
Netherlands control rain
Immedia
te and 6-
month
S. Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
N Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
13 Wolever et al. Insuranc 129 Randomi ANS,
(2012) e zed Health
pre- Behavior
United Unspeci test/post s,
States fied -test Mindfuln
with ess,
control Performa
group nce,
Stress/St
rain
S. Author Occupation Samp Researc Target
N Year / le h outcom
Country Indusrty size design e
&
evaluati
on time
14 Singh et Healthcare 9 MultiplePatient/C
al. (2015) Group home Baselineustomer
direct care Outcom
staff Immedia es
te and
32–37
weeks
S.N Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
15 Flaxman Govern 127-191 Randomi Sterss
& Bond ment zed /strain
Multiple control
(2010)
clerical 3 monhs
UK administ
rative
manager
ial
S.N Author Occupa Sample Researc Target
Year tion/ size h outcom
Country Indusrt design e
y &
evaluati
on time
16 Shapiro, Healthca 38 Randomi Compas
Astin, Bishop, re zed sion,
& Cordova Health waitlist Stress/St
(2005) care control rain,
United professio group Well-
States nals being
(e.g.,
physicia
ns,
nurses,
social
workers)
Current State of
Research
 Current State of
Research
• In 1983, there were only three peer-
reviewed scientific studies of mindfulness.
• By 2013, there were more than 1300!

• Studies now coming out at the rate of 40 a

month!
 Key Mindfulness
Interventions
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, MBSR by
• Kabat-Zinn (1982)
• Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, MBCT
• by Segal, Williams & Teasdale, (2002)
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT
• by Hayes et al., (1999), Bond and Flaxman
• Other adaptations
• First UK conference on Mindfulness in the
workplace February 2012!
 Many applications

• Health (preventative depression; lifestyles; etc )

• Wellbeing (resilience, stress reduction)
• Cognitive skills (attention, focus, memory)
• Self-regulation of emotions
• Interpersonal skills (communication, assertiveness)
• Leadership (decision-making, perspective)
• Team development (awareness of others’ needs)
 .

• The mindful approach to stress

• Being with experience without trying to

change it
• Bringing curiosity and compassion to our
experience – approaching difficulty rather
than avoiding it
• With practice it is possible to become less
reactive to experience, giving us the
freedom to choose how to respond
 Research Problem & Gap

• Despite increasing interest in mindfulness

at work, there has been no attempt to
review and synthesize mindfulness-based
training intervention research that targets
employees and enterprise or entrepreneurs.
 Objective of the study

• To develop scale for measuring mindfulness

among employees at the workplace.
• To study the links between mindfulness and
Stress, burnout, wellbeing and leadership.
• To study the overall impact of mindfulness
on employee performance
 Proposed framework
Stress

Burnout

MINDFUL
NESS Performance

Wellbeing

LEADERSHIP
 Research scope

• The study has expected potential outcomes

with performance parameters.
• There would be a new dimension for achieving
employee performance through mindfulness.
• The present research will fulfill the existing
research gap.
• This research will be very helpful for the
researchers ,managers and academicians.
 Hypotheses

• H1 : there is positive and significant

relationship between Mindfulness and stress
.
• H2: there is positive and significant
relationship between Mindfulness and
burnout.
• H3 :there is positive and significant
relationship between Mindfulness and
wellbeing.
• H4 :there is positive and significant
• H5 : there is positive and significant
relationship between stress and
performance.
• H6 : there is positive and significant
relationship between burnout and
performance.
• H7: there is positive and significant
relationship between wellbeing and
performance.
• H8 : there is positive and significant
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