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Understanding SONET in Computer Networks

SONET is a fiber optic technology that uses a single clock to transmit high-speed data over fiber optic cables. It divides the bandwidth of the fiber into timeslots called STS (Synchronous Transport Signal) to multiplex different data streams. SONET provides standard recommendations for interoperable equipment and can transmit signals from incompatible systems. Key SONET devices include Mux/DMux, regenerators, and add/drop multiplexers.

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62 views9 pages

Understanding SONET in Computer Networks

SONET is a fiber optic technology that uses a single clock to transmit high-speed data over fiber optic cables. It divides the bandwidth of the fiber into timeslots called STS (Synchronous Transport Signal) to multiplex different data streams. SONET provides standard recommendations for interoperable equipment and can transmit signals from incompatible systems. Key SONET devices include Mux/DMux, regenerators, and add/drop multiplexers.

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ashok_it87
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SONET

Presented by

V.Thiruppathy Kesavan,
Lect/CSE
AKCE.
SONET
 Synchronous Optical Network – fiber optic technology that
can transmit high-speed data; used for text, audio, and
video.
 Single clock handles timing of transmissions and
equipment; enables predictability and ability to multiplex
using TDM. The bandwidth of the fiber is considered as
one channel divided into timeslots to define subchannels.
 Standard recommendations for equipment.
 Can handle signals from incompatible tributary systems

FDP on Computer Networks Department of CSE/AKCE 2


SONET

STS: Synchronous Transport Signal

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SONET Devices
 STS Mux/DMux: either multiplexes signals from
multiple sources into an STS or demultiplexes an
STS into different destination signals.
 Regenerator: is a repeater that takes a received
optical signal and regenerates it. This devices
function at the data link layer.
 Add/drop multiplexer: can add signals from
different sources into a given path or remove a
desired signal from a path and redirect it without
demultiplexing the entire signal.

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SONET Frame
 Can be viewed as a matrix of nine rows of 90 octets
each, for a total of 810 octets.
 Some used for control; they are not positioned at the
beginning or end of the frame.
 First 3 cols. – administration overhead.
 The rest of the frame is called Synchronous Payload
Envelope (SPE)
 SPE contains transmission overhead and user data.
 Payload can start any where in the frame.
 A pointer from 1 to 3 of row 4 can determine the
beginning address of the SPE.

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SONET Frame
Administration Overhead

• 90 Octets per row


SPE
87 × 9 = 783 octets • 9 Rows

User Data
86 × 9 = 774 octets

Transmission Overhead
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SONET Frame Transmission
 transmitted one after another without any gap in
between.
 First 2 bytes – alignment bytes.
 F628 in Hex. – define the beginning of each frame.
 Third byte is the frame identification.

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SONET – STS
 SONET defines a hierarchy of signaling levels called
Synchronous Transport Signals (STSs).
 Each STS level supports a certain data rate specified
in megabits per second.
 The physical links defined to carry each level of STS
are called Optical Carriers (OCs).

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SONET – Rates
STS OC Raw (Mbps) SPE (Mbps) User (Mbps)

STS -1 OC -1 51.87 50.12 49.536

STS -3 OC -3 155.52 150.336 148.608

STS -9 OC -9 466.56 451.008 445.824


STS -12 OC -12 622.08 601.344 594.432

STS -18 OC -18 933.12 902.016 891.648

STS -24 OC -24 1244.16 1202.688 1188.864

STS -36 OC -36 1866.23 1804.032 1783.296

STS -48 OC -48 2488.32 2405.376 2377.728

STS -192 OC -192 9953.28 9621.604 9510.912

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