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Traffic Characteristics Report

The document discusses key parameters in transportation engineering related to traffic characteristics including traffic volume, speed, and density. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating various metrics such as volume/flow rate, time and space mean speed, peak hour factor, density, and capacity. Examples are given demonstrating calculations for these different traffic parameters.

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Michael James ll Banawis
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3K views43 pages

Traffic Characteristics Report

The document discusses key parameters in transportation engineering related to traffic characteristics including traffic volume, speed, and density. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating various metrics such as volume/flow rate, time and space mean speed, peak hour factor, density, and capacity. Examples are given demonstrating calculations for these different traffic parameters.

Uploaded by

Michael James ll Banawis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSPORTATION

ENGINEERING
TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS:
TRAFFIC VOLUME
SPEED OF TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC DENSITY

REPORT BY:
MICHAEL JAMES BANAWIS II
ROGER LOBOS
MACROSCOPIC AND
MICROSCOPIC PARAMETERS
VOLUME OR RATE OF FLOW (Q)

 Is defined as the number of vehicles passing a


point on a highway, or a given lane or
direction of a highway, during a specified time
interval.
 Usually expressed in “vehicles per unit time.”
 Units of time used most often are “per day” or
“per hour.”
VOLUME OR RATE OF FLOW (Q)

TIME HEADWAY:
Is the time elapsed between arrivals of
consecutive vehicles, generally measured
between front bumpers.

The summation of the headways of all


vehicles during a time period is simply equal
to the observation time period.
VOLUME OR RATE OF FLOW (Q)

TIME HEADWAY:

Relationship between flow and average


headway:
VOLUME OR RATE OF FLOW (Q)

PEAK HOUR FACTOR (PHF):


 15 minutes is considered to be the minimum
period of time over which traffic can be
considered statistically stable.
 Peak hour factor (PHF) represents the
uniformity of flow in the peak hour volume
Sample #1: (volume)

Problem:
During peak hours, 3800 vehicles pass thru
a certain highway from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM.
Compute the traffic volume during those time
period ?
Solution:
Q = vehicles/time = veh/hr
Q = 3800veh/2hrs. = 1900 veh/hr
Sample #2: (volume)

Problem:

A bridge has been constructed between the mainland


and the island. The total cost (excluding tool fees) to
travel across the bridge is expressed as C = 50 + 0.5V
where V is the number of vehicles per hour and C is
the cost per vehicle in cents. The demand for travel
across the bridge is V = 2900 – 10C. Determine the
volume of traffic across the bridge in vehicles/hour.
Sample #2: (volume)

Solution:
Q = vehicles/time = veh/hr
From the equation:
C = 50 + 0.5V
Subtitute to:
V = 2900 – 10C
Now becomes:
V = 2900 – 10(50+0.5V)
V = 400 veh/hour
Sample #3: (volume)

Problem:
The capacity (maximum hourly flow rate)
for one lane of a freeway facility is roughly
2400 vehicles per hour. What is the average
time headway corresponding to this capacity ?
Solution:
Sample #4: (volume)

Problem:
The table shows a 15 minute volume counts
during the peak hour on an approach of an
intersection.
Time Volume of Traffic

6:00 – 6:15 PM 375


6:15 – 6:30 PM 380
6:30 – 6:45 PM 412
6:45 – 7:00 PM 390
Sample #4: (speed)

Problem:
a. Determine the peak hour volume.
b. Determine the peak hour factor.
b. Determine the design hourly volume
(DHV) of the approach.

Solution: (a)
Peak hour volume = 375 + 380 + 412 + 390
= 1557
Sample #4: (speed)

Solution: (b)

Solution: (c)
SPEED OF TRAFFIC

 Is the rate of motion in distance per unit time.


 In a moving traffic stream, each vehicle
travels different speed. Thus, the traffic stream
does not have a single characteristic value, but
rather a distribution of individual speeds. This
traffic stream taken as a whole is called
average or typical speed.
SPEED OF TRAFFIC

TWO WAYS IN COMPUTING THE


AVERAGE SPEED IN A TRAFFIC
STREAM:

o TIME MEAN SPEED

o SPACE MEAN SPEED


SPEED OF TRAFFIC

TIME MEAN SPEED:


- The average speed of all vehicles passing a
point on a highway or lane over some
specified time period.

SPACE MEAN SPEED:


- The average speed of all vehicles occupying
a given section of highway or lane over some
specified period of time.
SPEED OF TRAFFIC

FORMULAS:

Space Mean Speed:

or

wr:
n = no. of vehicles
d = length of a segment of the road
ti = sum of all time observations
SPEED OF TRAFFIC

FORMULAS:

Space Mean Speed:

wr:
n = no. of vehicles
µ1 = spot speeds
SPEED OF TRAFFIC

FORMULAS:

Time Mean Speed:

wr:
n = no. of vehicles
d = length of a segment of the road
ti = time observations
SPEED OF TRAFFIC

FORMULAS:

Time Mean Speed:

wr:
n = no. of vehicles
µ1 = spot speeds
Sample #5: (speed)

Problem:

In an observation post show that 5 vehicles passes through


the post at interval 0f 8 sec, 9 sec, 10 sec, 11 sec and 13 sec.
respectively. The speeds of the vehicles were 80 kph, 76 kph,
70 kph, 60 kph and 50 kph respectively. Compute the ff:

a. time mean speed

b. space mean speed if the distance traveled by the


vehicles is 250 m.
Sample #5: (speed)

Solution:
time mean speed:

space mean speed:


Sample #6: (speed)

Problem:
From the data of a highway traffic
observation team, shows the distances ecah
vehicle have traveled every 3 seconds on a
portion of the highway.
VEHICLES DISTANCE

1 88 m.
2 86 m.
3 83 m.
4 82 m.
Sample #6: (speed)

Problem:
a. Compute the space mean speed of the
traffic.
b. Compute the flow of traffic.

Solution: (a)
Sample #6: (speed)

Solution: (b)
Q = veh/hour
Q = 4veh/3sec. x (3600sec/hr.)
Q = 4800 veh/hr.
Sample #7: (speed)

Problem:
The following travel times were observed
for the vehicles traversing a one km. segment
of highway.

VEHICLES TIME (min.)

1 1.6
2 1.2
3 1.5
4 1.7
Sample #7: (speed)

Problem:
a. Compute the space mean speed of the traffic
in kph.

Solution: (a)
Sample #8: (speed)

Problem:
From a given data of 5 vehicles passing
through a 1 km. segment of Edsa.
VEHICLES TIME (sec.)

1 96
2 72
3 90
4 102
5 108
Sample #8: (speed)

Problem:
a. Compute the time mean speed in kph.

Solution: (a)
Sample #9: (speed)

Problem:
There are 5 vehicles passing through an
intersection of the two highway in a period of
20 sec.
VEHICLES SPOT SPEED (kph)

1 34.20
2 42.40
3 46.30
4 41.10
5 43.40
Sample #9: (speed)

Problem:
a. Compute the space mean speed in kph.

Solution: (a)
TRAFFIC DENSITY

 Defined as the number of vehicles occupying


a given length of highway or lane.
 Generally expressed as vehicles per km. and
vehicles per mile or vehicles per mile per lane.
 It is often computed from speed flow rate
measurement.
TRAFFIC DENSITY

FORMULAS:

Traffic Density:

or

wr:
n = no. of vehicles occupying at some length L of roadway
at some specified time.
L = length of roadway in miles or km.
k = density in veh/mile or veh/km.
TRAFFIC DENSITY

FORMULAS:

Relationship of Speed, Volume and Density:

wr:
Q = volume of traffic in veh/hr.
µs = space mean speed in km./hr.
k = density veh/km
TRAFFIC DENSITY

SPACE HEADWAY:
Is the physical distance between the front
bumper of successive vehicles.

d = space headway between vehicles


L = length of road segment
n = number of vehicles observed
k = density
Capacity of a single lane in (veh/hr)

FORMULAS:

Average center to center spacing of cars:

Capacity of a single lane :

wr:
V = ave. speed of cars in meter
t = reaction time in sec.
L = length of one car in meters
Sample #10: (density)

Problem:

Determine the approximate spacing of


vehicles center to center in a certain lane if the
average speed of the cars using that particular
lane is 40 kph and the volume of traffic is 800
vehicles per hour.
Sample #10: (density)

Solution:

No. of vehicles per hour =

Spacing of vehicles :
Sample #11: (density)

Problem:

The speed of a car moving on a single lane


is 60 kph. If the length of the car is 4.2 m. and
the value of the reaction time is 0.7 sec.
a. Compute the average center to center of cars
in meters.
b. Compute the capacity of a single lane in
vehicles per hour.
Sample #11: (density)

Solution:
(a) Ave. center to center spacing:

(b) Capacity in veh./hr:


Sample #12: (density)

Problem:
Given from arterial photograph of a 500 ft.
segment of southbound I – 35. Determine the
density and spacing of each lane of traffic, if
the number of vehicles that occupy in the
outside and inside lane are 2 and 3 vehicles
respectively.
Sample #12: (density)

Solution:

Density (by lane): Spacing (by lanes):

Outside Southbound: Outside Southbound:


Sample #12: (density)

Solution:

Density (by lane): Spacing (by lanes):

Inside Southbound: Inside Southbound:

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