Operating Systems

1. Operating Systems
2. Types of Operating System
3. Major Functions
4. User Interface
5. Examples of Operating System

1
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
• The operating system is the most important program
that runs on a computer.
• Operating system is an interface between computer
and user.
• It is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the
resources of the computer.

2
Operating
Systems

3
Operating
Systems

4
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System

Multi-user vs. Single user

 A multi-user operating system allows multiple users
to access a computer system concurrently.
 Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user
systems as they enable a multiple user access to a
computer through the sharing of time.
 Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a
multi-user operating system, are usable by a single
user at a time.

5
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
• Resource management
• Data management
• Job management
• Standard means of communication between
User and Computer

6
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System

Resource Management
• The resource management function of an OS
allocates computer resources such as CPU time,
main memory, secondary storage, and input and
output devices for use.

7
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System

Data Management
• The data management functions of an OS govern
the input and output of data and their location,
storage, and retrieval.
• It also is responsible for storing and retrieving
information on disk drives and for the organization of
that information on the drive.

8
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System

Job Management
• The job management function of an OS prepares,
schedules, controls, and monitors jobs submitted for
execution to ensure the most efficient processing.
• A job is a collection of one or more related programs
and their data.

9
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System

Standard Means of Communication between User

and Computer
• The OS also establishes a standard means of
communication between users and their computer
systems.
• It does this by providing a user interface and a
standard set of commands that control the
hardware.

10
Operating Systems
User Interface
• A program that controls a display for the user
(usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the
user to interact with the system) .
• The user interface allows the user to communicate
with the operating system.

11
Operating Systems
User Interface
• The user interface provides means of:
– Input - allowing the users to
manipulate a
system
– Output - allowing the system to
indicate the effects of the users'
manipulation.

12
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
• Command line interface
• Graphical user interface

13
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Command Line Interface (CLI)

• A command- interface is a mechanism
line for computer operating
software
interacting with
by typing
a system
commands or to perform
specific tasks.
• This method of instructing a computer to perform a
given task is referred to as "entering" a command.
• Accept input via keyboard only.
• Not suitable for beginners.

14
Types of User Interface
Command Line Interface (CLI)

15
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Command Line Interface (CLI)

• Examples of command:

Command Description
DIR To display list of files or folder

COPY To copy file or folder

MD To make new folder
CLS To clear screen
Quit To quit

16
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• Is a type of user interface which allows people to
interact with computer with images rather than text
commands.
• Accept input via keyboard and pointing devices.
• Easy to learn.

17
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Elements of Graphical User Interface

• Pointer
• Icons
• Desktop
• Windows
• Menus

18
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Pointer
• A symbol that appears on the
display screen and that you
move to select objects and
commands.
• Usually, the pointer appears
as a small angled arrow.

19
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Icons
• Small pictures that
represent commands,
files, or windows.

20
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Desktop
• The area on the display screen where icons are
grouped is often referred to as the desktop because
the icons are intended to represent real objects on a
real desktop.

21
Types of User Interface
Desktop

22
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

Windows
• Used to divide the screen into different areas.
• In each window, you can run a different program or
display a different file.

23
Types of User Interface
Windows

24
 Operating Systems

• Types of User Interface

• Menus

• Most graphical user interfaces let you

execute commands by selecting a choice from a
menu.
• Two types of menu:
– Pull-down menu
– Pop-up menu

25
Types of User Interface
Menus

26
 Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

CLI GUI
Because of the memorization and Although new users may have a
familiarity needed to operate a difficult time learning to use the
command line interface, new mouse and all GUI features, most
Ease users have a difficult time users pick up this interface much
navigating and operating a easier when compared to a
command line interface. command line interface.

Users have much more control of Although a GUI offers plenty of

their file system and operating control of a file system and operating
system in a command line system, the more advanced tasks
Control interface. For example, users can may still need a command line.
copy a specific file from one
location to another with a one-line
command.

27
 Operating Systems
Types of User Interface

CLI GUI
Although many command line GUI users have windows that
environments are capable of enable a user to view, control, and
multitasking, they do not offer the manipulate multiple things at
Multitasking same ease and ability to view once and is much faster to
multiple things at once on one navigate when compared with a
screen. command line.

Command line users only need to A GUI may be easier to use

use their keyboards to navigate because of the mouse. However,
a command line interface and using a mouse and keyboard to
often only need to execute a few navigate and control your
Speed lines to perform a task. operating system for many things
is going to be much slower than
someone who is working in a
command line.

28
Operating Systems
Examples of Operating System
• MS-DOS
• Windows
• Mac OS
• Linux
• Solaris
• Android

29
Operating Systems
Windows
• Produced by
Microsoft, Inc.
• Using graphical
user interface.
• Support multitasking and
multiuser.
• First version:
Windows 1.0 (1985)
• Latest version:
Windows
8

30
Windows

31