LECTURE 5
ADVANCED MATLAB COURSE- EXPERTS
VISION
FILE HANDLING IN MATLAB
You can read and write multiple file types in
Matlab:
Excel sheets
.txt files
.dat files
.csv files
And many more
Reading Excel sheets
Requests
numeric,
Reading xls sheet…. text and Reads
raw(all) data
just the
numeric
[num,txt,raw] = xlsread('lec5.xlsx') data
My_num_matrix=xlsread('sample_file.xls');
Customize what
you want to
Or by ‘import’ option import and in
which format
Saving the procedure in a script or a function
Writing Excel sheets
Xlswrite(‘myfile.xls’, mymatrix)
Reading .dat files
load('myfile.dat')
Writing .dat files
dlmwrite('myfile.dat', my_matrix);
Reading .txt file
Open a file and associate a file identifier with it
Read it.
Close it.
fileID = fopen('my_test_file.txt');
C = textscan(fileID,'%s %s %f32 %d8 %u %f %f
%s %f');
fclose(fileID);
Writing text files
Open a file (if it doesn’t already exist, it will be created) and
associate a file identifier with it.
Write it.
Close it.
my_rand_nos = 100*rand(8,1);
my_string='Sarah';
file_ID = fopen('lecture 555 text.txt','w');
fprintf(file_ID, '%s%f', my_rand_nos, my_string);
fclose(file_ID);
Format of data fields
Format of data fields
STRUCTURES
Heterogeneous data of different types and sizes…
how to store it?
If you want to refer to them by name, use
structures.
Structures
Suppose you want to store different attributes of
student data, such as name, percentage, and roll
number.
These different attributes are called ‘fields’.
‘.’ dot notation to store values to them.
Fields can be any kind of data -even another
structure.
Method 1
student.percentage=91;
student.roll=23;
student.name='Kate';
See workspace now
Method 2
You can also specify all the field names at once.
‘struct’ command.
Introduce in pairs
Field name and its corresponding value make a
complete pair
student=struct('name', 'Kate', 'percentage', 91, 'roll',
23 )
Structures
A structure is one entity with a number of sub
entities:
Student
Name
Roll
Percentage
Concatenation of structures
Just like combining matrices
student1=struct('name', 'Kate', 'percentage', 91,
'roll', 23 )
student2=struct('name', 'Sam', 'percentage', 89,
'roll', 33 )
both_students=[student1 student2]
Updating/ modifying values
both_students(2).roll=90;
To access a particular field of array elements
both_students.name
both_students.roll
both_students.percentage
Exercise
2 patients
Names
Ages
Cells
If you have heterogeneous data of different sizes
and types, but you would like to access it all as an
array then use ‘cell’ arrays.
It can have multiple rows and columns just like a
normal matrix- only difference is that the elements
of that matrix can be of many different types and
sizes!
Use curly brackets to construct a cell array.
Method 1
Specify elements one by one…
mycell{1}='Hogwards';
mycell{2}=[1 2 3];
mycell{3}=false;
Method 2
Specify all elements at once.
mycell={'Hogwarts', [1 2 3], false }
Xls sheets are imported as cell arrays for most
applications.
To store lists of text data.
Visualization of a cell structure
Suppose this is a cell structure of size 2x3
Just like a matrix- but heterogeneous elements are
the present.
‘Hogwarts’ [1 2 3] false
[1 2 3 4
2356 81 ‘books’
5 3 6 2]
Code 1
c{1, 1}='hogwarts';
c{1, 2}=[1 2];
c{1, 3}=false;
c{2, 1}=[1 2 3 4
2356
5 3 6 2];
c{2, 2}=81;
c{2, 3}='books';
Code 2
mycell={'Hogwarts', [1 2], false; [1 2 3 4; 2 3 5 6;
5 3 6 2], 81, 'buks'};
How to access data
The 1st element of mycell
How to access data
Mycell{row, column}to access the data
Mycell(row, column)to access the particular cell
Which should you use? Cells or structures?
Ask yourself would you prefer to refer to your variable
elements by number(s) or by name. Then use cell array in
former case and struct array in later.
Structure arrays contain data in fields that you access by
name.
E.g student records are usually stored in a structure array.
Cell arrays contain data in cells that you access by
numeric indexing
E.g storing lists of text strings and storing heterogeneous
data from spreadsheets.
Concatenating of strings
Strcat (‘My name is ’ ‘Kevin’)
Strcat(‘myfile’, num2str(4), ‘.txt’)
Three dimensional data
3D Matrices
3D cells
Data Fitting
If I tell you that
x =[ 0 1.3963 2.7925 4.1888 5.5851 6.9813
8.3776 9.7738 11.1701 12.5664]
Y=[0 0.9848 0.3420 -0.8660 -0.6428 0.6428
0.8660 -0.3420 -0.9848 -0.0000]
And ask you to give me an n degree equation that
best describes my data………?
Fit_y=A1 + A2 * x + A3 * x^2 +……+ An * x^(n-1)
Polyfit function
coefficients = polyfit(x,y,n);
Where n is the degree of the equation.
For a 4th degree equation:
p = polyfit(x,y,4);
Fitted_Y=A + B*x + C*x^2 + D*x^3
Where A, B, C and D are the 4 coefficients.
Polyval function
fittedY =A + B*x + C*x^2 + D*x^3
This equation can be calculated automatically by
this command:
fittedY = polyval(coefficients, x);
Matlab Code
x =[ 0 1.3963 2.7925 4.1888 5.5851 6.9813
8.3776 9.7738 11.1701 12.5664];
y=[0 0.9848 0.3420 -0.8660 -0.6428 0.6428
0.8660 -0.3420 -0.9848 -0.0000];
coefficients = polyfit(x,y,7);
plot(x, y, 'g');
hold on;
fittedY = polyval(coefficients, x);
plot(x, fittedY, 'r')
If n= 5 coefficients
1.5
original y
fitted y
1
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
If n=7 coefficients
1
original y
0.8 fitted y
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
